Avaliação de diferentes métodos utili-zados para diagnóstico de infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em gestantes.
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Data
2022-07-14
Autores
Rodrigues, Nássarah Jabur Lot
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial que pode infectar uma grande variedade de espécies animais e humanos. É causada pelo pro-tozoário Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), que causa doença de curso silencio-so. Os neonatos com toxoplasmose congênita podem exibir manifestações neurológicas, lesões oftálmicas, comprometimento auditivo e até a morte após o nascimento. Desta forma, durante o período gestacional é de grande importância o acompanhamento periódico por meio de diagnósticos labora-toriais para o bem estar do feto. A toxoplasmose associada à gestação apre-senta grande importância para a saúde pública devido à sua prevalência, e gravidade dos casos congênitos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo de-tectar anticorpos das classes IgM e IgG T. gondii em gestantes atendidas no Hospital das Clínicas da FMB Unesp, câmpus de Botucatu. Foram avaliados os resultados das sorologias pela técnica de Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI), Teste de Avidez, Imunoensaio de Micropartículas com Quimi-luminescência (QL) e Aglutinação Direta Modificada (MAD). Os resultados fo-ram avaliados, de acordo com as variáveis pesquisadas, como idade, cor, raça, entre outras e os resultados obtidos nos exames realizados. Resulta-dos obtidos no teste de Imunoensaio de Micropartículas com Quimiolumines-cência com os obtidos nas demais provas, estabelecendo-se como padrão ouro a QL. Os resultados encontrados mostram correlação moderada nas técnicas QL e RIFI para imunoglobulina IgG e foi razoável para a imunoglo-bulina IgM. Os títulos mais frequentes foram 16, 64, 256 e 1024. Concluiu-se pela importância do diagnóstico realizado no início da infecção para preven-ção, e cuidados indicados para a gestante e o feto. Ressalta-se, que com o diagnóstico precoce no pré-natal pode se evitar de fato a transmissão ao ne-onato além de reduzir as complicações na transmissão congênita.
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide distribution zoonosis that can infect a wide variety of animal and human species. It is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which causes a disease with a silent course. Neonates with congenital toxoplasmosis may exhibit neurological manifestations, ophthalmic lesions, hearing impairment, and even death after birth. Thus, during the gestational period, periodic monitoring through laboratory diagnoses is of great importance for the well-being of the fetus. Toxoplasmosis associated with pregnancy is of great importance for public health due to its prevalence and severity of congenital cases. The present study aimed to detect IgM and IgG T. gondii antibodies in pregnant women treated at Hospital das Clínicas da FMB Unesp, Botucatu campus. The results of the serology were evaluated by the technique of Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFAT), Avidity Test, Microparticle Immunoassay with Chemiluminescence (QL) and Modified Direct Agglutination (MAD). The results were evaluated, according to the variables studied, such as age, color, race, among others, and the results obtained from the tests performed. Results obtained in the Microparticle Immunoassay with Chemiluminescence test with those obtained in the other tests, establishing QL as the gold standard. The results found show a moderate correlation in the QL and RIFI techniques for IgG immunoglobulin and a reasonable correlation for IgM immunoglobulin. The most frequent titers were 16, 64, 256 and 1024. It was concluded that the diagnosis performed at the beginning of the infection is important for prevention, and for the care indicated for the pregnant woman and the fetus. It is noteworthy that with 15 early diagnosis in prenatal care, transmission to the neonate can actually be avoided, in addition to reducing complications in congenital transmission.
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide distribution zoonosis that can infect a wide variety of animal and human species. It is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which causes a disease with a silent course. Neonates with congenital toxoplasmosis may exhibit neurological manifestations, ophthalmic lesions, hearing impairment, and even death after birth. Thus, during the gestational period, periodic monitoring through laboratory diagnoses is of great importance for the well-being of the fetus. Toxoplasmosis associated with pregnancy is of great importance for public health due to its prevalence and severity of congenital cases. The present study aimed to detect IgM and IgG T. gondii antibodies in pregnant women treated at Hospital das Clínicas da FMB Unesp, Botucatu campus. The results of the serology were evaluated by the technique of Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction (IFAT), Avidity Test, Microparticle Immunoassay with Chemiluminescence (QL) and Modified Direct Agglutination (MAD). The results were evaluated, according to the variables studied, such as age, color, race, among others, and the results obtained from the tests performed. Results obtained in the Microparticle Immunoassay with Chemiluminescence test with those obtained in the other tests, establishing QL as the gold standard. The results found show a moderate correlation in the QL and RIFI techniques for IgG immunoglobulin and a reasonable correlation for IgM immunoglobulin. The most frequent titers were 16, 64, 256 and 1024. It was concluded that the diagnosis performed at the beginning of the infection is important for prevention, and for the care indicated for the pregnant woman and the fetus. It is noteworthy that with 15 early diagnosis in prenatal care, transmission to the neonate can actually be avoided, in addition to reducing complications in congenital transmission.
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Palavras-chave
Gestantes, Diagnósticos, Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasmose, Zoonoses