Revisão taxonômica e filogenia de Mimosa sect. Mimosa ser. Mimosa subser. Polycephalae (Benth.) Barneby emend. T.P. Mendes & M.J. Silva (Fabaceae, Caesalpinioideae)
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Data
2022-07-18
Autores
Mendes, Thainara Policarpo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com cerca de 751 gêneros e 19.500 espécies, Fabaceae é a terceira maior família de Angiospermas e a mais numerosa do Brasil com 222 gêneros e 2.756 espécies. Compreende seis subfamílias, sendo Caesalpinioideae a segunda mais diversa com cerca de 4.400 espécies e 148 gêneros, com Mimosa L. um dos maiores e mais complexos taxonomicamente com cerca de 600 espécies. Este gênero, pertence ao clado mimosoide, possui distribuição Pantropical, e tem no Brasil o seu principal centro de diversidade com 369 espécies distribuídas, sobretudo, pelos Domínios Fitogeográficos Cerrado e Mata Atlântica, onde muitas delas são endêmicas. Mimosa compreende cinco seções, sendo a sect. Mimosa a segunda mais numerosa com 177 espécies distribuídas em três séries (Myriophyllae Benth., Mimosa Barneby e Modestae Benth.) e 37 subséries, entre as quais se destaca a subsérie Polycephalae (Benth.) Barneby por ser a maior do gênero com 25 espécies endêmicas do Cerrado. Embora esta subsérie inclua plantas subarbustivas ou arbustivas com ramos delgados e sem acúleos, folhas com um par de pinas, flores com cálice paleáceo de lobos fimbriados e estames monadelfos, seus representantes apresentam variações no aspecto de crescimento, tipos de indumento e tricomas, morfologia vegetativa, floral e diversificados tipos de sinflorescências e aspectos de craspédios, fato que torna a taxonomia de algumas de suas espécies complexa, especialmente daquelas com variedades (e.g. M. calocephala Benth., M. hypoglauca Mart., M. lanuginosa Glaz. ex Burkart, M. papposa Benth., M. polycephala Benth., M. pseudoradula Glaz. ex Barneby e M. radula Benth.) descritas a partir de uma ou poucas coleções, usualmente mais diferentes entre si, quando comparadas com suas congêneres. Ainda, táxons de M. subser. Polycephalae apresentam problemas de tipificação, são escassamente ilustrados e têm suas distribuições geográficas pouco conhecidas, além de carecerem de uma avaliação de status de conservação, o que torna o grupo promissor para estudos botânicos. Visando contribuir com o conhecimento evolutivo e taxonômicos dos representantes de Polycephalae o grupo foi alvo dessa tese de doutorado que compreende seis manusritos. O primeiro trata da reconstrução filogenética da subsérie baseada nas regiões trnD-T (cpDNA) e ITS (nrDNA) por meio dos métodos de Máxima Verossimilhança e Inferência Bayesiana. Recuperamos M. subser. Polycephalae como polifilética com parte de seus táxons mesclada em um clado maior com M. discobola Barneby (M. subser. Discobolae), M. dicerastes Barneby (subser. Dicerastae), M. procurrens Benth., M. grossa (Barneby), T.P. Mendes & M.J. Silva M. hirsutissima Marth., M. lupinoides Chodat & Hassl. e M. vestita Benth. (subser. Hirsutae) e M. skinneri Benth. (M. ser. Modestae) ou em um clado menor com M. cyclophylla Barneby e M. brevicalyx T.P. Mendes & M.J. Silva relacionando a táxons das séries Mimosa, Polycarpae, Dolentes e Mimosa, o que nos direcionou a propor uma nova circunscrição baseada em um grupo monofilético composto por 40 espécies, que surgiu a cerca de 3,8 Ma. O segundo se refere à revisão taxonômica de M. subser. Polycephalae, que com a sua nova circunscrição, passa a compreender 39 espécies, as quais seguem descritas, contrastadas através de uma chave, comentadas e mapeadas quanto as suas distribuições geográficas, ambientes preferenciais, estados de conservação, relações morfológicas, períodos de floração e frutificação, além de ilustradas e fotografadas em seus caracteres diagnósticos. Neste, apresentamos ainda quatro lectotipificações de segundo passo, a transferência M. setifera para Mimosa sect. Mimosa ser. Mimosa subser. Pudicae, assim como cinco espécies novas (M. cavalcantina T.P. Mendes, Marc. F. Simon & M.J. Silva, M. gustavoi T.P. Mendes, Marc.F. Simon & M.J. Silva, M. venosa T.P. Mendes, Marc.F. Simon & M.J. Silva, M. brevicalyx T.P. Mendes & M.J.Silva e M. pseudoracemosa T.P. Mendes, Marc.F. Simon & M.J. Silva, as duas últimas já publicadas. O terceiro trata de ajustes taxonômicos e nomenclaturais, onde a partir do estudo de todas as coleções tipos do grupo e de coletas próprias, herborizadas e dos seus representantes em campo, propomos 13 sinônimos, cinco novos status e 14 lectotipificações sendo 10 de segundo passo e cinco novos níveis de variedades à espécie. O quarto se refere à descrição de três novas espécies, escrito nos moldes tradicionais e está em processo de publicação. O quinto e o último já foram publicados e tratam de descrição de novas espécies, sendo que no quinto as identidades foram baseadas em dados moleculares, morfológicos, micromorfológicos e anatômicos, enquanto que no sexto além da descrição de uma nova espécie, propomos uma nova classificação para as variedades de M. pseudoradula, táxons relacionados ao descrito como novo.
With about 751 genera and 19,500 species, Fabaceae is the third largest family of Angiosperms and the most numerous in Brazil with 222 genera and 2,756 species. It comprises six subfamilies, with Caesalpinioideae being the second most diverse with around 4,400 species and 148 genera, with Mimosa L. one of the largest and most taxonomically complex with around 600 species. This genus belongs to the mimosoid clade, has a Pantropical distribution, and has its main center of diversity in Brazil, with 369 species distributed mainly in the Cerrado Phytogeographic Domains and Atlantic Forest, where many of them are endemic. Mimosa comprises five sections, with sect. Mimosa the second most numerous with 177 species distributed in three series (Myriophyllae Benth., Mimosa Barneby and Modestae Benth.) and 37 subseries, among which the Polycephalae (Benth.) Barneby subseries stands out for being the largest of the genus with 25 species endemic to the Cerrado. Although this subseries includes subshrubs or shrubs with slender branches and unarmed, leaves with a pair of pinnae, flowers with paleaceous calyx of fimbriate lobes and monadelphic stamens, its representatives present variations in growth aspect, types of indumentum and trichomes, vegetative morphology, floral and diverse types of synflorescences and aspects of craspedia, a fact that makes the taxonomy of some of its species complex, especially those with varieties (e.g. M. calocephala Benth., M. hypoglauca Mart., M. lanuginosa Glaz. ex Burkart, M. papposa Benth., M. polycephala Benth., M. pseudoradula Glaz. ex Barneby and M. radula Benth.) described from one or a few collections, usually more different from each other, when compared to their congeners. Still, taxa of M. subser. Polycephalae present typification problems, are sparsely illustrated and have their geographic distributions little known, in addition to lacking an assessment of conservation status, which makes the group promising for botanical studies. Aiming to contribute to the evolutionary and taxonomic knowledge of Polycephalae representatives, the group was the target of this doctoral thesis that comprises six manuscripts. The first treat with the phylogenetic reconstruction of the subseries based on trnD-T (cpDNA) and ITS (nrDNA) regions using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods. We recovered M. subser. Polycephalae as polyphyletic with part of its taxa merged into a larger clade with M. discobola Barneby (M. subser. Discobolae), M. dicerastes Barneby (subser. Dicerastae), M. procurrens Benth., M. robusta (Barneby), T.P. Mendes & M.J. Silva M. hirsutissima Marth., M. lupinoides Chodat & Hassl. and M. vestita Benth. (subser. Hirsutae) and M. skinneri Benth. (M. ser. Modestae) or in a minor clade with M. cyclophylla Barneby and M. brevicalyx T.P. Mendes & M.J. Silva relating to taxa of the Mimosa, Polycarpae, Dolentes and Mimosa series, which led us to propose a new circumscription based on a monophyletic group composed of 40 species, which emerged at about 3.8 Ma. The second refers to the taxonomic revision of M. subser. Polycephalae, which with its new circumscription, now comprises 39 species, which are described, contrasted using a key, commented and mapped in terms of their geographic distributions, preferential environments, conservation status, morphological relationships, flowering and fruiting periods, as well as illustrated and photographed in their diagnostic characters. In this, we also present four lectotypifications of the second step, the transference of M. setifera to Mimosa sect. Mimosa be. Mimosa subser. pudicae, as well as five new species (M. cavalcantina T.P. Mendes, Marc. F. Simon & M.J. Silva, M. gustavoi T.P. Mendes, Marc.F. Simon & M.J. Silva, M. venous T.P. Mendes, Marc.F. Simon & M.J. Silva, M. brevicalyx T.P. Mendes & M.J.Silva and M. pseudoracemosa T.P. Mendes, Marc.F. Simon & M.J. Silva, the last two already published. The third deals with taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments, where from the study of all the type collections of the group and of own collections, herborized and their representatives in the field, we propose 13 synonyms, five new statuses and 14 lectotypifications, 10 of which are second step and five new levels of varieties to the species. The fourth refers to the description of three new species, written in the traditional way and is in the process of publication. The fifth and last have already been published and deal with the description of new species, and in the fifth the identities were based on molecular, morphological, micromorphological and anatomical data, while in the fifth Fri In addition to the description of a new species, we propose a new classification for the varieties of M. pseudoradula, taxa related to the one described as new.
With about 751 genera and 19,500 species, Fabaceae is the third largest family of Angiosperms and the most numerous in Brazil with 222 genera and 2,756 species. It comprises six subfamilies, with Caesalpinioideae being the second most diverse with around 4,400 species and 148 genera, with Mimosa L. one of the largest and most taxonomically complex with around 600 species. This genus belongs to the mimosoid clade, has a Pantropical distribution, and has its main center of diversity in Brazil, with 369 species distributed mainly in the Cerrado Phytogeographic Domains and Atlantic Forest, where many of them are endemic. Mimosa comprises five sections, with sect. Mimosa the second most numerous with 177 species distributed in three series (Myriophyllae Benth., Mimosa Barneby and Modestae Benth.) and 37 subseries, among which the Polycephalae (Benth.) Barneby subseries stands out for being the largest of the genus with 25 species endemic to the Cerrado. Although this subseries includes subshrubs or shrubs with slender branches and unarmed, leaves with a pair of pinnae, flowers with paleaceous calyx of fimbriate lobes and monadelphic stamens, its representatives present variations in growth aspect, types of indumentum and trichomes, vegetative morphology, floral and diverse types of synflorescences and aspects of craspedia, a fact that makes the taxonomy of some of its species complex, especially those with varieties (e.g. M. calocephala Benth., M. hypoglauca Mart., M. lanuginosa Glaz. ex Burkart, M. papposa Benth., M. polycephala Benth., M. pseudoradula Glaz. ex Barneby and M. radula Benth.) described from one or a few collections, usually more different from each other, when compared to their congeners. Still, taxa of M. subser. Polycephalae present typification problems, are sparsely illustrated and have their geographic distributions little known, in addition to lacking an assessment of conservation status, which makes the group promising for botanical studies. Aiming to contribute to the evolutionary and taxonomic knowledge of Polycephalae representatives, the group was the target of this doctoral thesis that comprises six manuscripts. The first treat with the phylogenetic reconstruction of the subseries based on trnD-T (cpDNA) and ITS (nrDNA) regions using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods. We recovered M. subser. Polycephalae as polyphyletic with part of its taxa merged into a larger clade with M. discobola Barneby (M. subser. Discobolae), M. dicerastes Barneby (subser. Dicerastae), M. procurrens Benth., M. robusta (Barneby), T.P. Mendes & M.J. Silva M. hirsutissima Marth., M. lupinoides Chodat & Hassl. and M. vestita Benth. (subser. Hirsutae) and M. skinneri Benth. (M. ser. Modestae) or in a minor clade with M. cyclophylla Barneby and M. brevicalyx T.P. Mendes & M.J. Silva relating to taxa of the Mimosa, Polycarpae, Dolentes and Mimosa series, which led us to propose a new circumscription based on a monophyletic group composed of 40 species, which emerged at about 3.8 Ma. The second refers to the taxonomic revision of M. subser. Polycephalae, which with its new circumscription, now comprises 39 species, which are described, contrasted using a key, commented and mapped in terms of their geographic distributions, preferential environments, conservation status, morphological relationships, flowering and fruiting periods, as well as illustrated and photographed in their diagnostic characters. In this, we also present four lectotypifications of the second step, the transference of M. setifera to Mimosa sect. Mimosa be. Mimosa subser. pudicae, as well as five new species (M. cavalcantina T.P. Mendes, Marc. F. Simon & M.J. Silva, M. gustavoi T.P. Mendes, Marc.F. Simon & M.J. Silva, M. venous T.P. Mendes, Marc.F. Simon & M.J. Silva, M. brevicalyx T.P. Mendes & M.J.Silva and M. pseudoracemosa T.P. Mendes, Marc.F. Simon & M.J. Silva, the last two already published. The third deals with taxonomic and nomenclatural adjustments, where from the study of all the type collections of the group and of own collections, herborized and their representatives in the field, we propose 13 synonyms, five new statuses and 14 lectotypifications, 10 of which are second step and five new levels of varieties to the species. The fourth refers to the description of three new species, written in the traditional way and is in the process of publication. The fifth and last have already been published and deal with the description of new species, and in the fifth the identities were based on molecular, morphological, micromorphological and anatomical data, while in the fifth Fri In addition to the description of a new species, we propose a new classification for the varieties of M. pseudoradula, taxa related to the one described as new.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
diversidade, nova circunscrição, taxonomia, Cerrado, diversity, new circumscription, taxonomy