Hidróxido de cobre no controle de antracnose, desempenho fotossintético, óleo essencial e qualidade de frutos de atemoia (Annona x atemoya Mabb.)
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Data
2022-07-29
Autores
Cardoso, Caroline Pardine
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
(1): A atemoia (Annona x atemoya Mabb.), pertencente à família Annonaceae, apresenta consumo crescente devido a características organolépticas e nutricionais. A antracnose, fungo do gênero Colletotrichum, é uma das principais doenças na cultura provocando perdas de até 70 % em pomares comerciais. A aplicação de fungicidas é prática comum, como método preventivo e de controle, e compostos a base de cobre são utilizados. O micronutriente cobre atua na inibição enzimática, resultando na morte do patógeno. Fatores bióticos e abióticos resultam em aumento de radicais livres prejudiciais ao desenvolvimento vegetal. Como resposta ao estresse, vias enzimática e não enzimática podem ser estimuladas. Diante do exposto, o trabalho objetivou estudar a incidência de antracnose, o desempenho fotossintético e a produção de óleo essencial em plantas de atemoia (Annona x atemoya Mabb.) cv. Thompson submetidas a aplicação de Cu(OH)2 em diferentes concentrações e frequência de aplicação. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental em blocos casualisados com quatro repetições e uma planta por parcela. A maior frequência de aplicações do tratamento 5 resultou em maior controle da doença. A menor frequência de aplicação foliar de Cu(OH)2 (tratamento 2) reduziu a incidência de antracnose abaixo do nível de ação recomendado, proporcionando óleo essencial com maior concentração de substâncias com atividade antifúngica. Sugere-se, portanto, a menor frequência de aplicação visando economia para o agricultor devido à redução na utilização de maquinário e gastos com o produto fitossanitário, redução no acúmulo de cobre no solo e sem prejuízo fotossintético. A aplicação de hidróxido de cobre foi eficaz contra a antracnose, possibilitou maior concentração de substâncias antifúngicas no óleo essencial e não alterou o desempenho fotossintético de plantas de atemoia. (2): A atemoia (Annona x atemoya Mabb.), pertencente a família Annonaceae, apresenta consumo crescente devido às características organolépticas e nutricionais. Seu fruto é climatérico e dependendo das condições de armazenamento, pode apresentar curta vida pós-colheita. Seu valor comercial é baseado em atributos de qualidade, como a homogeneidade visual de tamanho e ausência de defeito de casca. A antracnose, fungo do gênero Colletotrichum, é uma das principais doenças na cultura provocando, quando não controlada, desfolha prematura da planta, frutos escuros e mumificados. O ataque do patógeno pode estressar as plantas, aumentando a concentração de radicais livres que causam danos ao metabolismo. A aplicação de produtos fitossanitários é prática comum entre agricultores como métodos preventivo e de controle. Compostos a base de cobre compõem fungicidas pois atuam na inibição enzimática, resultando na morte do patógeno. Na planta, o micronutriente pode influenciar a síntese de lignina, auxiliando na proteção por meio de espessamento de parede celular e da atividade da catalase, reduzindo H2O2 a O2. Como resposta ao estresse, vegetais podem acumular açúcares em folhas e frutos. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo objetivou investigar os efeitos da aplicação de Cu(OH)2 em plantas de atemoia cv. Thompson na qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento experimental em blocos casualisados com quatro repetições e uma planta por parcela. O estudo avaliou aplicações foliares quinzenais de hidróxido de cobre e/ou água e adjuvante, em diferentes concentrações e número de aplicações. As maiores frequências de aplicação com menores concentrações de fungicidas contendo Cu(OH)2 controlaram o escurecimento da casca de frutos de atemoia, aumentaram os açúcares trealose e sacarose e a vida de prateleira.
(1): Atemoya (Annona x atemoya Mabb.), part of Annonaceae family, has an increasing consumption due to organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. Anthracnose, a fungus of the genus Colletotrichum, is one of the main diseases in the crop, causing losses of up to 70% in commercial fruit farm. The application of fungicides is a common practice, as a preventive and control method, and copper-based compounds are used on it. The micronutrient copper acts on enzymatic inhibition, resulting in the death of the pathogen. Biotic and abiotic factors result in an increase of free radicals harmful to plant development. In response to stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways can be stimulated. Given the above, the work aimed to study the incidence of anthracnose, photosynthetic performance and essential oil production in atemoya plants (Annona x atemoya Mabb.) cv. Thompson subjected to applications of Cu(OH)2 at different concentrations and application frequency. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and one plant per plot. The higher frequency of treatment applications 5 resulted in greater disease control. The lower frequency of foliar application of Cu(OH)2 (treatment 2) reduced the incidence of anthracnose below the action level recommended, providing essential oil with a higher concentration of substances with antifungal activity. Therefore, a lower frequency of application is suggested, aiming economy for the farmer due to the reduction in the use of machinery and expenses with the phytosanitary product, reduction in the accumulation of copper in the soil and without photosynthetic damage. The application of copper hydroxide was effective against anthracnose, allowed a higher concentration of antifungal substances in the essential oil and did not alter the photosynthetic performance of atemoya plants. (2): Atemoya (Annona x atemoya Mabb.), belonging to Annonaceae family, is increasingly consumed due to its organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The fruit is climacteric and designed for storage conditions, it may have a short post-harvest life. The commercial value is based on quality attributes such as visual homogeneity of size and absence of cascading defects. Anthracnose, a fungus of the genus Colletotrichum, is one of the main diseases in fruit farm that, when uncontrolled, cause premature plant defoliation, dark and mummified fruits. The pathogen's attack can stress plants, increasing the concentration of radicals that damage metabolism. The application of phytosanitary products is a common practice between preventive and control methods. Copper based fungicidal compounds in the concentration of pathogens, resulting pathogen’s death. In the plant, the micronutrient can influence lignin synthesis, helping to protect the medium from wall thickening and catalase activity, including H2O2 and O2. In response to stress, vegetables can accumulate sugars in leaves and fruits. Given the above, the present study aims to investigate the effects of the application of Cu(OH)2 in atemoya plants cv. Thompson on the post-harvest quality of the fruits. The experiment was programmed in a block experimental design with four and one plant per plot. The study aimed to observe foliar applications of copper hydroxide and/or water and adjuvant, in different amounts and number of applications. Higher application frequencies with lower amounts of fungicides containing Cu(OH)2 controlled the browning of atemoya fruit peel, increasing sucrose sugars and shelf life.
(1): Atemoya (Annona x atemoya Mabb.), part of Annonaceae family, has an increasing consumption due to organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. Anthracnose, a fungus of the genus Colletotrichum, is one of the main diseases in the crop, causing losses of up to 70% in commercial fruit farm. The application of fungicides is a common practice, as a preventive and control method, and copper-based compounds are used on it. The micronutrient copper acts on enzymatic inhibition, resulting in the death of the pathogen. Biotic and abiotic factors result in an increase of free radicals harmful to plant development. In response to stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways can be stimulated. Given the above, the work aimed to study the incidence of anthracnose, photosynthetic performance and essential oil production in atemoya plants (Annona x atemoya Mabb.) cv. Thompson subjected to applications of Cu(OH)2 at different concentrations and application frequency. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design with four replications and one plant per plot. The higher frequency of treatment applications 5 resulted in greater disease control. The lower frequency of foliar application of Cu(OH)2 (treatment 2) reduced the incidence of anthracnose below the action level recommended, providing essential oil with a higher concentration of substances with antifungal activity. Therefore, a lower frequency of application is suggested, aiming economy for the farmer due to the reduction in the use of machinery and expenses with the phytosanitary product, reduction in the accumulation of copper in the soil and without photosynthetic damage. The application of copper hydroxide was effective against anthracnose, allowed a higher concentration of antifungal substances in the essential oil and did not alter the photosynthetic performance of atemoya plants. (2): Atemoya (Annona x atemoya Mabb.), belonging to Annonaceae family, is increasingly consumed due to its organoleptic and nutritional characteristics. The fruit is climacteric and designed for storage conditions, it may have a short post-harvest life. The commercial value is based on quality attributes such as visual homogeneity of size and absence of cascading defects. Anthracnose, a fungus of the genus Colletotrichum, is one of the main diseases in fruit farm that, when uncontrolled, cause premature plant defoliation, dark and mummified fruits. The pathogen's attack can stress plants, increasing the concentration of radicals that damage metabolism. The application of phytosanitary products is a common practice between preventive and control methods. Copper based fungicidal compounds in the concentration of pathogens, resulting pathogen’s death. In the plant, the micronutrient can influence lignin synthesis, helping to protect the medium from wall thickening and catalase activity, including H2O2 and O2. In response to stress, vegetables can accumulate sugars in leaves and fruits. Given the above, the present study aims to investigate the effects of the application of Cu(OH)2 in atemoya plants cv. Thompson on the post-harvest quality of the fruits. The experiment was programmed in a block experimental design with four and one plant per plot. The study aimed to observe foliar applications of copper hydroxide and/or water and adjuvant, in different amounts and number of applications. Higher application frequencies with lower amounts of fungicides containing Cu(OH)2 controlled the browning of atemoya fruit peel, increasing sucrose sugars and shelf life.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carboidratos, Escurecimento de casca, Fungicida cúprico, Índice de maturação, Carbohydrates, Husk browning, Cupric fungicide, Maturation index, Fluorescência da clorofila a, Trocas gasosas, Terpeno, Peroxidação lipídica, Chlorophyll a fluorescence, Gas exchange, Terpene, Lipid peroxidation