Estudo da questão agrária na ex colônia portuguesa: o caso de São Tomé e Príncipe
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Data
2022-06-22
Autores
Santos, Ayolsé Andrade Pires dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A questão agrária em São Tomé e Príncipe apresenta configurações distintas quando comparadas a outros países. Durante cinco séculos de colonização portuguesa no arquipélago, as terras forram exploradas apenas para produção de matérias primas para exportação sem quais quer preocupação em promover espaço de vida digno. O período colonial foi caracterizado por uma economia primaria exportadora, monocultura e fraco investimento em infraestruturas, bem como no desenvolvimento social, o que demostra que os portugueses apenas enxergavam essas ilhas como um lugar de exploração do solo, e não como um espaço de vida. Após a independência do país em 12 de julho de 1975 todas as terras sob jugo colonial passaram a posse do Estado recém-nascido com a promessa de uma vida melhor aos antigos colonizados, dando continuidade a uma economia primaria exportadora herdada da era colonial, algo que se mantem até os dias atuais. Hoje, 47 anos após a tomada da independência, poucas foram as mudanças significativas nas estruturas agrárias atuais em relação às do período colonial. A promessa do Estado de uma reforma agrária assente no progresso e na justiça social visando a criação de um homem novo na sociedade tem ficado aquém das expectativas. São Tomé e Príncipe continua sendo nos dias de hoje um país primário exportador, sendo o cacau o principal produto exportado. Por outro lado, o país é caraterizado por uma pobreza generalizada e condições de vida precárias, principalmente nas zonas rurais. O clientelismo político associado à falta de vontade política e à corrupção são os principais fatores que têm contribuído para o fraco desenvolvimento social nas ilhas de São Tomé e Príncipe. Esse estudo conclui que o problema agrário a ser superado pelo Estado santomense assentasse na necessidade de um novo reordenamento fundiário com implementação de políticas públicas de fortalecimento à agricultura familiar de modo a romper com a dependência de importação de produtos alimentícios, bem como, políticas públicas no que tange ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico e desenvolvimento rural.
The agrarian question in São Tomé and Príncipe presents different configurations when compared to other countries. During the five centuries of Portuguese colonization in the archipelago, the lands were exploited only to produce raw materials for export without any concern to promote a decent living space. The colonial period was characterized by a primary exporting economy, monoculture, and weak investment in infrastructure, as well as in social development, which shows that the Portuguese only saw these islands as a place of land exploitation, and not as a space of life. After the country's independence on July 12, 1975, all the lands under colonial rule passed into the possession of the newly born State with the promise of a better life for the former colony, continuing a primary exporting economy inherited from the colonial era, something that remains to the present day. Today, 47 years after gaining independence, there have been few significant changes in current agrarian structures in relation to that of the colonial period. The State's promise of agrarian reform based on progress and social justice aimed at creating a new man in society has fallen short of expectations. São Tomé and Príncipe remains today a primary exporting country, with cocoa being the main exported product. On the other hand, the country is characterized by widespread poverty and precarious living conditions, especially in rural areas. Political clientelism associated with a lack of political will and corruption are the main factors that have contributed to the poor social development in the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. This study concludes that the agrarian problem to be overcome by the State of São Paulo was based on the need for a new land reordering with the implementation of public policies to strengthen family agriculture to break the dependence on imports of food products, as well as public policies regarding socioeconomic development and rural development.
The agrarian question in São Tomé and Príncipe presents different configurations when compared to other countries. During the five centuries of Portuguese colonization in the archipelago, the lands were exploited only to produce raw materials for export without any concern to promote a decent living space. The colonial period was characterized by a primary exporting economy, monoculture, and weak investment in infrastructure, as well as in social development, which shows that the Portuguese only saw these islands as a place of land exploitation, and not as a space of life. After the country's independence on July 12, 1975, all the lands under colonial rule passed into the possession of the newly born State with the promise of a better life for the former colony, continuing a primary exporting economy inherited from the colonial era, something that remains to the present day. Today, 47 years after gaining independence, there have been few significant changes in current agrarian structures in relation to that of the colonial period. The State's promise of agrarian reform based on progress and social justice aimed at creating a new man in society has fallen short of expectations. São Tomé and Príncipe remains today a primary exporting country, with cocoa being the main exported product. On the other hand, the country is characterized by widespread poverty and precarious living conditions, especially in rural areas. Political clientelism associated with a lack of political will and corruption are the main factors that have contributed to the poor social development in the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. This study concludes that the agrarian problem to be overcome by the State of São Paulo was based on the need for a new land reordering with the implementation of public policies to strengthen family agriculture to break the dependence on imports of food products, as well as public policies regarding socioeconomic development and rural development.
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Palavras-chave
Questão Agrária, Agricultura, Desenvolvimento, São Tomé e Príncipe, Agrarian Question, Agriculture, Development, São Tome and Príncipe