Inovação e comércio exterior: uma análise do grau de intensidade tecnológica dos produtos exportados pelas empresas localizadas em cidades médias no estado de São Paulo
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Data
2022-09-02
Autores
Iwata, Tainá Akemy Chiaveri Vicari
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diante do avanço da globalização e do desenvolvimento das tecnologias da informação e comunicação, altera-se a dinâmica do comércio internacional, tornando-a mais competitiva ao inserir novos atores no âmbito econômico global, como exemplo os BRICS, um grupo de coalizão entre países de economias emergentes, composto pelo Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul. Os últimos anos foram marcados por mudanças econômicas, sociais, políticas e tecnológicas. Tais mudanças ocasionaram um conjunto de transformações como, a reestruturação produtiva e do capital, os quais alteraram as formas de acumulação do capital, estimulando cada vez mais as empresas buscarem por inovações tecnológicas para se manterem na competição econômica. Nesse contexto, para garantir sua participação no comércio internacional, o Brasil passou por inúmeras transformações em suas políticas econômicas, em especial no que tange a sua política externa que passa a priorizar relações comerciais com países em desenvolvimento, o multilateralismo e a cooperação sul-sul em detrimento do foco de outrora nos Estados Unidos e países da Europa. Deste modo, nesta dissertação buscamos analisar as exportações e os produtos de média-alta e alta tecnologia das cidades médias de Araçatuba, Bauru, Marília, Presidente Prudente, Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos e São José do Rio Preto, no período de 2000-2020. Para tanto, a metodologia baseou-se em revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, coleta de dados e informações juntos aos sites do IBGE, Fundação SEADE, COMEX STAT, RAIS/MTE e OCDE, além de sites das empresas exportadoras localizadas nas cidades médias analisadas. Por último, a elaboração de gráficos, tabelas e mapas com o uso dos softwares Excel e Qgis.
The progress of globalization and the development of information and communication technologies represented a change in the dynamics of international trade, making it more competitive by inserting new actors in the global economic sphere, such as BRICS, a coalition group consisted of emerging economies, composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The last few years have been marked by economic, social, political, and technological changes. Such changes led to a set of transformations such as productive and capital restructuring, which altered the forms of capital accumulation, increasingly encouraging companies to seek technological innovations to remain in the economic competition. In this context, in order to ensure its participation in international trade, Brazil has undergone numerous transformations in its economic policies, especially with regard to its foreign policy, which begins to prioritize trade relations with developing countries, multilateralism, and South-South cooperation as an alternative to the once-focused United States and countries of Europe. Thus, in this master thesis, we analyze the exports and products of medium-high and high technology in the medium-sized cities of Araçatuba, Bauru, Marília, Presidente Prudente, Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos, and São José do Rio Preto in the period of 2000-2020, making it possible to shed a light in the economic role of Brazil in the international division of labor. To this end, the methodology was based on a literature review on the subject, data collection with information from the websites of IBGE, SEADE Foundation, COMEX STAT, RAIS/MTE, and OECD, as well as websites of exporting companies located in the medium cities analyzed. Finally, the elaboration of graphs, tables, and maps using Excel and Qgis software.
The progress of globalization and the development of information and communication technologies represented a change in the dynamics of international trade, making it more competitive by inserting new actors in the global economic sphere, such as BRICS, a coalition group consisted of emerging economies, composed of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. The last few years have been marked by economic, social, political, and technological changes. Such changes led to a set of transformations such as productive and capital restructuring, which altered the forms of capital accumulation, increasingly encouraging companies to seek technological innovations to remain in the economic competition. In this context, in order to ensure its participation in international trade, Brazil has undergone numerous transformations in its economic policies, especially with regard to its foreign policy, which begins to prioritize trade relations with developing countries, multilateralism, and South-South cooperation as an alternative to the once-focused United States and countries of Europe. Thus, in this master thesis, we analyze the exports and products of medium-high and high technology in the medium-sized cities of Araçatuba, Bauru, Marília, Presidente Prudente, Ribeirão Preto, São Carlos, and São José do Rio Preto in the period of 2000-2020, making it possible to shed a light in the economic role of Brazil in the international division of labor. To this end, the methodology was based on a literature review on the subject, data collection with information from the websites of IBGE, SEADE Foundation, COMEX STAT, RAIS/MTE, and OECD, as well as websites of exporting companies located in the medium cities analyzed. Finally, the elaboration of graphs, tables, and maps using Excel and Qgis software.
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Palavras-chave
Inovação, Grau de intensidade tecnológica, Exportações, Cidades médias, Estado de São Paulo, Innovation, Technological intensity degree, Exports, Medium cities, State of São Paulo