Diagnóstico qualitativo e quantitativo da arborização urbana do centro do município de Taquaritinga-SP
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Data
2022-11-28
Autores
Galbiate, Luiggi Francesco
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A arborização urbana apresenta um papel fundamental no contexto socioambiental, no entanto, a legislação federal não apresenta quaisquer leis que instituem a obrigatoriedade da implantação ou desenvolvimento de planos de arborização urbana. O município de Taquaritinga-SP se destaca por apresentar um Plano Diretor de Arborização Urbana regulamentado pela Lei Municipal nº 4.387 de 2016. Vista sua data de vigor, a complexidade de seu conteúdo e a ausência de uma cartilha explicativa, percebem-se diversas inadequabilidades no contexto da arborização urbana. Desta forma, o atual projeto teve como objetivo o levantamento quantitativo e qualitativo da arborização urbana da região central do município de Taquaritinga-SP, incluindo análises da adequabilidade ou inadequabilidade na forma do plantio e identificação de locais aptos a receber o plantio de árvores. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que 57% dos passeios públicos analisados não contam com arborização e, das calçadas arborizadas, 65% consistem em espécies exóticas, mostrando certa preferência na escolha das mesmas. Constatou-se também a predominância de cinco espécies (sendo apenas uma nativa, o oiti, Moquilea tomentosa), as quais juntas somaram 66% do total de todas as espécies encontradas. Dos parâmetros de inadequabilidade, notou-se que os danos nos galhos e troncos das árvores, a presença de galhos secos e organismos que perfuram a madeira foram os mais recorrentes. Tratando-se das calçadas sem arborização, 75% poderiam receber o plantio de árvores e 25% não poderiam devido a fatores limitantes como presença de equipamentos urbanos, presença de guias rebaixadas e calçadas estreitas. Conclui-se, portanto, que (i) a arborização urbana da área analisada se encontra predominantemente inadequada e com predominância de espécies exóticas e (ii) as causas principais são a falta de planejamento da arborização e a inexistência de diretrizes cientificamente fundamentadas acessíveis à população e implementáveis pelo Departamento de Meio Ambiente. Assim, a redução dos conflitos entre a arborização e o desenvolvimento urbano depende de divulgação de informação e diretrizes claras, estruturadas pelo corpo técnico ambiental da prefeitura, em especial aquelas que envolvem participação cidadã, planos de manejo, educação ambiental, manuais de plantio e escolha de espécies.
Urban afforestation plays a key role in the socio-environmental context, however, the federal legislation does not present any laws that institute the mandatory implementation or development of urban afforestation plans. The municipality of Taquaritinga-SP stands out for presenting a Master Plan of Urban Afforestation regulated by Municipal Law nº 4.387 of 2016. Given its effective date, the complexity of its content and the absence of an explanatory booklet, several inadequacies in the context of urban forestry are perceived. Thus, the current project aimed at the quantitative and qualitative survey of urban afforestation in the central region of the city of Taquaritinga-SP, including analysis of the suitability or inadequacy in the form of planting and identification of suitable locations to receive the planting of trees. The results showed that 57% of the analyzed sidewalks do not have trees, and 65% of the sidewalks with trees consisted of exotic species, showing a certain preference in the choice of these species. We also noticed the predominance of five species (only one being native, oiti, Moquilea tomentosa), which together totalized 66% of all species found. Of the parameters of inadequacy, it was noticed that damage to branches and trunks of trees, the presence of dry branches and organisms that perforate the wood were the most recurrent. In the case of sidewalks without trees, 75% could receive the planting of trees and 25% could not due to limiting factors such as the presence of urban equipment, the presence of dropped kerbs and narrow sidewalks. It is concluded, therefore, that (i) the urban afforestation of the analyzed area is mostly inadequate and with a predominance of alien species and (ii) the main causes are the lack of planning of the afforestation and the absence of scientifically based guidelines accessible to the citizen and applicable by the Department of Environment. Thus, the reduction of conflicts between afforestation and urban development depends on the dissemination of information and clear guidelines, structured by the environmental technical staff of the municipality, especially those that involve citizen participation, management plans, environmental education, planting manuals and choice of species.
Urban afforestation plays a key role in the socio-environmental context, however, the federal legislation does not present any laws that institute the mandatory implementation or development of urban afforestation plans. The municipality of Taquaritinga-SP stands out for presenting a Master Plan of Urban Afforestation regulated by Municipal Law nº 4.387 of 2016. Given its effective date, the complexity of its content and the absence of an explanatory booklet, several inadequacies in the context of urban forestry are perceived. Thus, the current project aimed at the quantitative and qualitative survey of urban afforestation in the central region of the city of Taquaritinga-SP, including analysis of the suitability or inadequacy in the form of planting and identification of suitable locations to receive the planting of trees. The results showed that 57% of the analyzed sidewalks do not have trees, and 65% of the sidewalks with trees consisted of exotic species, showing a certain preference in the choice of these species. We also noticed the predominance of five species (only one being native, oiti, Moquilea tomentosa), which together totalized 66% of all species found. Of the parameters of inadequacy, it was noticed that damage to branches and trunks of trees, the presence of dry branches and organisms that perforate the wood were the most recurrent. In the case of sidewalks without trees, 75% could receive the planting of trees and 25% could not due to limiting factors such as the presence of urban equipment, the presence of dropped kerbs and narrow sidewalks. It is concluded, therefore, that (i) the urban afforestation of the analyzed area is mostly inadequate and with a predominance of alien species and (ii) the main causes are the lack of planning of the afforestation and the absence of scientifically based guidelines accessible to the citizen and applicable by the Department of Environment. Thus, the reduction of conflicts between afforestation and urban development depends on the dissemination of information and clear guidelines, structured by the environmental technical staff of the municipality, especially those that involve citizen participation, management plans, environmental education, planting manuals and choice of species.
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Palavras-chave
Arborização urbana, Plano Diretor de arborização urbana, Planejamento paisagístico, Árvores exóticas, Políticas públicas, Urban afforestation, Master Plan of Urban Afforestation, Landscape planning, Non-native species, Public policies