Acolhimento Institucional: uma medida medular, paliativa e controversa.
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Data
2022-11-26
Autores
Ramos, Roberta Ferreira
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho tem por finalidade levantar uma perspectiva sócio-histórica e crítica sobre o acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes em situação de vulnerabilidade social. Do mesmo modo, visa um levantamento sobre os primórdios das instituições de acolhimento no país, bem como dos moldes sociopolíticos, jurídicos, filantrópicos, sociológicos e antropológicos em que foram constituídas. Ainda, versa revisitar, através das bibliografias analisadas, o processo em que as crianças e adolescentes em acolhimento foram inseridos em instituições, à época do Brasil Colônia até a contemporaneidade, e como esse processo reverbera até a atualidade, ainda que a despeito dos avanços legais ao longo do século XX e XXI. Em analogia, também irá apontar como o contexto de raça, classe e gênero implicam diretamente na probabilidade do acolhimento, ancorado em uma analogia social de racismo histórico e estrutural, analisado através da perspectiva do materialismo histórico-dialético, imprescindível para que se faça compreender a conjuntura do acolhimento e como ele se dá diante do antagonismo de classes brasileiro. Ainda, faremos um apanhado necessário de como as instituições mudaram as nomenclaturas, perpassando vários períodos de nossa história, mas quase sempre mantiveram em suas bases fundantes um processo de (des) acolhimento violentador.
Por fim, uma perspectiva que compreenda o período pós Ditadura Militar, de conquista dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes garantidos através da Constituição Cidadã e Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, bem como de todo aparato legal e assistencial, que tem por dever assegurar a essa parcela tão grande e importante de nossa realidade uma efetiva proteção ao longo de seu processo de crescimento.
The purpose of this work is to raise a socio-historical and critical perspective on the institucional care of children and adolescents in situation of vulnerability. Likewise, it aims to survey the origens of shelter institutions in the country, as well as the socio-political, legal, philanthropic, sociological and anthropological molds in which they were constituted. Istill, it deals with revisiting, through the analyzed biographies, the process in which children and adolescents in foster care were placed in institutions, from the time of Colonial Brazil to the present day, and how to the process reverberates to the present day , despite to the legal advances throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. In analogy, it will also point out how the context of race, class and gender directly imply the probability of acceptance, anchored in a social analogy of historical and structural racism, analyzed through the perspective of dialectical historical materialism, essential for understanding conjucture of welcoming and how it occurs in the face of Brazilian class antagonism. Still, we will male necessary overview of how the institutions changed the nomenclatures, passing through several periods of hour history, but almost always maintained in their founding bases a process of violent welcomimg. Finally, one that encompasses the period after the Military Dictatorship, when the rights of children and adolescents conquered, guaranteed through the Citizen Constitution and the Statute of Children and Adolescents, as well as all legal and assistance apparatus, which have the duty to ensure this portion so great and important of our reality an effective protection to its growth process.
The purpose of this work is to raise a socio-historical and critical perspective on the institucional care of children and adolescents in situation of vulnerability. Likewise, it aims to survey the origens of shelter institutions in the country, as well as the socio-political, legal, philanthropic, sociological and anthropological molds in which they were constituted. Istill, it deals with revisiting, through the analyzed biographies, the process in which children and adolescents in foster care were placed in institutions, from the time of Colonial Brazil to the present day, and how to the process reverberates to the present day , despite to the legal advances throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. In analogy, it will also point out how the context of race, class and gender directly imply the probability of acceptance, anchored in a social analogy of historical and structural racism, analyzed through the perspective of dialectical historical materialism, essential for understanding conjucture of welcoming and how it occurs in the face of Brazilian class antagonism. Still, we will male necessary overview of how the institutions changed the nomenclatures, passing through several periods of hour history, but almost always maintained in their founding bases a process of violent welcomimg. Finally, one that encompasses the period after the Military Dictatorship, when the rights of children and adolescents conquered, guaranteed through the Citizen Constitution and the Statute of Children and Adolescents, as well as all legal and assistance apparatus, which have the duty to ensure this portion so great and important of our reality an effective protection to its growth process.
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Palavras-chave
Acolhimento Institucional, Crianças, Adolescentes, Institutional Outreach, Children's, Adolescents