Análises citogenômicas comparativas em Ancistrus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)
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Data
2022-11-16
Autores
Santos, Gabriel Esbrisse dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os genomas dos eucariotos são caracterizados por conter grande quantidade de sequências
repetitivas altamente dinâmicas, seja no nível cromossômico ou nucleotídico, com vários
mecanismos contribuindo para sua duplicação e expansão, modulando o curso da evolução
cariotípica em diversos organismos. Entre essas sequências, os DNAs satélites (DNAsat) estão
entre os elementos repetitivos mais dinâmicos, normalmente encontrando-se localizados
principalmente em regiões cromossômicas pericentroméricas, cromossomos sexuais e
cromossomos B. O gênero Ancistrus Kner, 1854, pertence à família Loricariidae e do ponto de
vista citogenético é um grupo muito interessante, pois os seus representantes apresentam uma
grande variação cariotípica, sendo encontrados indivíduos com 2n = 34 a 2n = 54 cromossomos,
além de sistemas cromossômicos sexuais heteromórficos do tipo ZZ/ZW, XX/XY e sistemas
múltiplos, que contribuíram para a diversificação cariotípica do gênero. Em Ancistrus, o
conhecimento sobre a organização genômica ainda é limitado e não há dados atualizados e
completos acerca de DNAsat, apesar de toda a diversificação e diferenciação cromossômica
registrada no gênero. Em um trabalho prévio, de iniciação científica, foram realizadas análises
citogenômicas de alto rendimento, juntamente com análises de bioinformática, para a
caracterização do satelitoma de Ancistrus sp. Foram encontrados 39 satélites, correspondendo
a 11,5% do genoma sequenciado, tendo sido esta a primeira caracterização aprofundada do
satelitoma da espécie. Neste trabalho foram analisados os dois satélites mais abundantes do
genoma de Ancistrus sp., AnSat1-142 e AnSat2-139, através das plataformas RepeatExplorer2,
TAREAN e RepeatMasker, para a constatação da presença e do compartilhamento dessas
sequências em outras espécies do gênero, Ancistrus multispinis, Ancistrus ranunculus e
Ancistrus cryptophthalmus. Através do RepeatMasker, foram estimadas a abundância e a
divergência (Kimura-2-parameter – K2P) destes dois satélites nos genomas das espécies de
Ancistrus. As análises comparativas poderão auxiliar no entendimento da organização
genômica e das relações filogenéticas entre os diversos táxons, além de contribuir para o
esclarecimento dos mecanismos evolutivos de sequências repetitivas em diferentes espécies de
peixes.
The genomes of eukaryotes are characterized by containing a large number of highly dynamic repetitive sequences, either at the chromosomal or nucleotide level, with several factors contributing to their duplication and expansion, modulating the course of karyotype evolution in different organisms. Among these sequences, satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are among the most dynamic repetitive elements, usually located mainly in pericentromeric chromosomal regions, sex chromosomes and B chromosomes. The genus Ancistrus Kner, 1852, belongs to the Loricariidae family and from the cytogenetic point of view is a very interesting group, as its representatives have a large of karyotype variation, with individuals with 2n = 34 to 2n = 54 chromosomes, in addition to heteromorphic sexual chromosomal systems of the type ZZ/ZW, XX/XY and multiple systems, which contributed to the karyotype diversification in the genre. In Ancistrus, this knowledge about the genomic organization is still limited and there are no updated and complete data about satDNAs, despite all the chromosomal diversification and differentiation recorded in the genus. In a previous work, of scientific initiation, high- throughput cytogenomic analyses were performed, together with bioinformatics analyses, for the characterization of the satellitome of Ancistrus sp. A total of 39 satellites were found, corresponding to 11.5% of the sequenced genome, and this was the first in-depth characterization of this species satellitome. In this work, the two most abundant satellites of Ancistrus sp. genome, AnSat1-142 and AnSat2-139, were analyzed using the RepeatExplorer2, TAREAN and RepeatMasker platforms, to verify the presence and sharing of these sequences in other species of the genus, Ancistrus multispinis, Ancistrus ranunculus and Ancistrus cryptophthalmus. Through RepeatMasker, the abundance and divergence (Kimura-2- parameter – K2P) of these two satellites in the genomes of Ancistrus species were estimated. The comparative analyses can help in the understanding of genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships among different taxa and contribute to the clarification of evolutionary mechanisms of repetitive sequences in different fish species
The genomes of eukaryotes are characterized by containing a large number of highly dynamic repetitive sequences, either at the chromosomal or nucleotide level, with several factors contributing to their duplication and expansion, modulating the course of karyotype evolution in different organisms. Among these sequences, satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are among the most dynamic repetitive elements, usually located mainly in pericentromeric chromosomal regions, sex chromosomes and B chromosomes. The genus Ancistrus Kner, 1852, belongs to the Loricariidae family and from the cytogenetic point of view is a very interesting group, as its representatives have a large of karyotype variation, with individuals with 2n = 34 to 2n = 54 chromosomes, in addition to heteromorphic sexual chromosomal systems of the type ZZ/ZW, XX/XY and multiple systems, which contributed to the karyotype diversification in the genre. In Ancistrus, this knowledge about the genomic organization is still limited and there are no updated and complete data about satDNAs, despite all the chromosomal diversification and differentiation recorded in the genus. In a previous work, of scientific initiation, high- throughput cytogenomic analyses were performed, together with bioinformatics analyses, for the characterization of the satellitome of Ancistrus sp. A total of 39 satellites were found, corresponding to 11.5% of the sequenced genome, and this was the first in-depth characterization of this species satellitome. In this work, the two most abundant satellites of Ancistrus sp. genome, AnSat1-142 and AnSat2-139, were analyzed using the RepeatExplorer2, TAREAN and RepeatMasker platforms, to verify the presence and sharing of these sequences in other species of the genus, Ancistrus multispinis, Ancistrus ranunculus and Ancistrus cryptophthalmus. Through RepeatMasker, the abundance and divergence (Kimura-2- parameter – K2P) of these two satellites in the genomes of Ancistrus species were estimated. The comparative analyses can help in the understanding of genomic organization and phylogenetic relationships among different taxa and contribute to the clarification of evolutionary mechanisms of repetitive sequences in different fish species
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Palavras-chave
Bioinformática, DNA satélite, RepeatMasker, Bioinformatics, Satellite DNA