Efeito da idade relativa no desempenho motor e cognitivo de adolescentes futebolistas
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Data
2022-11-17
Autores
Mendes, Lucas Araujo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Desempenho é essencial e constantemente avaliado no esporte. O futebol é um esporte em que as suas categorias são divididas pela idade cronológica dos atletas, e esta separação em teoria favorece os atletas nascidos nos meses iniciais da janela cronológica e que necessita ser melhor examinado. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho motor e cognitivo de adolescentes praticantes de futebol, categoria sub-14 anos e sub-13 anos que apresentam idade cronológica de 13 e 14 anos. 18 praticantes de futebol divididos em dois grupos etários (13,6 ± 0.33 e 14,3 ± 0.25 anos) realizaram 4 testes para a obtenção dos dados. O primeiro teste aplicado avaliou processo de tomada de decisão com um teste de tempo de resposta de escolha, foi apresentado 4 círculos em um monitor e um dos círculos foi preenchido por completo de amarelo, constituindo o estímulo. O participante pressionou o botão correspondente em um controlador indicando o estimulo apresentado. O tempo de resposta foi obtido para cada estímulo, através de um software próprio do teste. O segundo teste examinou a coordenação manual (teste dos 9 pinos), quando participantes colocaram e retiram pinos, com a mão dominante e não-dominante, sendo o tempo de realização do teste obtido. O terceiro teste realizado foi o de força de preensão palmar máxima, sendo que os participantes realizaram preensão de um dinamômetro manual com a mão dominante e não dominante. A força máxima para cada lado foi obtida. Finalmente, participantes realizaram o teste do quadrado, sendo o menor tempo registrado. Os resultados indicaram diferença entre os grupos apenas para a força de preensão palmar, sendo que o grupo sub- 14 apresentou níveis de força maior que o grupo sub-13. Dica implícita reduziu o tempo de resposta, porém de forma similar entre os grupos. Coordenação manual foi melhor com a mão dominante do que com a não dominante, porém similar entre os grupos. Finalmente, agilidade não diferiu entre os grupos. Estes resultados sugerem que idade mais avançada de participantes de futebol influência apenas a capacidade de produção de força, porém não interfere na capacidade de tomada de decisão, coordenação e agilidade.
Performance is essential and constantly evaluated in sport. Football is a sport in which its categories are exceptional due to the age of the athletes, and this separation in theory has been perfected for athletes born in the initial months of the chronological window and that needs to be chronological better than the chronological window. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the motor and cognitive performance of adolescents who practice soccer, under-14 and under-13 years old, who have a chronological age of 13 and 14 years. Eighteen soccer practitioners were divided into two age groups (13.6 ± 0.33 and 14.3 0.25 years) and performed 4 tests for the comparison of data groups. The first test was a reaction- choice test with 4-circle display presented on a monitor and one of them filled, constituting the stimulus. The participant pressed the corresponding button on a controller indicating the stimulus presented. The response time was obtained for each stimulus, through a specific program. The second test examined manual coordination (9-hole test), when pins were placed and removed, with the dominant and non-dominant hand, and the test performance time was performed. The third test was the maximum hand strength, with the participants holding and pressing a manual dynamometer with the dominant and non-dominant hand. Maximum strength for each side was done. Finally, participants performed the square test, with the shortest time recorded. Results indicated difference between the groups only for the hand grip strength, with the sub-14 group showing higher strength levels than the sub-13 group. Implicit cues reduced response time, but similarly between groups. Hand coordination was better with the dominant hand than with the non-dominant hand, but similar between groups. Finally, agility did not differ between groups. These results suggest that more advanced age of soccer participants only impacts force production capacity, but does not interfere with decision-making, coordination and agility.
Performance is essential and constantly evaluated in sport. Football is a sport in which its categories are exceptional due to the age of the athletes, and this separation in theory has been perfected for athletes born in the initial months of the chronological window and that needs to be chronological better than the chronological window. Thus, the present study aimed to compare the motor and cognitive performance of adolescents who practice soccer, under-14 and under-13 years old, who have a chronological age of 13 and 14 years. Eighteen soccer practitioners were divided into two age groups (13.6 ± 0.33 and 14.3 0.25 years) and performed 4 tests for the comparison of data groups. The first test was a reaction- choice test with 4-circle display presented on a monitor and one of them filled, constituting the stimulus. The participant pressed the corresponding button on a controller indicating the stimulus presented. The response time was obtained for each stimulus, through a specific program. The second test examined manual coordination (9-hole test), when pins were placed and removed, with the dominant and non-dominant hand, and the test performance time was performed. The third test was the maximum hand strength, with the participants holding and pressing a manual dynamometer with the dominant and non-dominant hand. Maximum strength for each side was done. Finally, participants performed the square test, with the shortest time recorded. Results indicated difference between the groups only for the hand grip strength, with the sub-14 group showing higher strength levels than the sub-13 group. Implicit cues reduced response time, but similarly between groups. Hand coordination was better with the dominant hand than with the non-dominant hand, but similar between groups. Finally, agility did not differ between groups. These results suggest that more advanced age of soccer participants only impacts force production capacity, but does not interfere with decision-making, coordination and agility.
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Palavras-chave
Prática esportiva, Desempenho, Idade cronológica, Futebol, Sport practice, Performance, Chronological age, Soccer