Avaliação de aves aquáticas como sentinelas no monitoramento de metais em área de influência das atividades de exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural
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Data
2022-12-12
Autores
Lima, Guilherme dos Santos [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O aumento de fontes difusas de poluentes e contaminantes nas regiões costeiras causam impactos negativos a longo prazo à vida presente neste ecossistema. Sabe-se que a contaminação em organismos marinhos por metais e metaloides tem aumentado nos últimos anos em decorrência de descargas de contaminantes químicos provenientes de atividades antrópicas. Dentre as atividades antrópicas que podem ser fontes de contaminação para organismos marinhos, temos as atividades relacionadas à exploração e produção de petróleo e gás natural. Além disso, mais recentemente desastres ambientais envolvendo derramamento de óleo nas águas costeiras brasileiras têm sido ameaças constantes aos organismos e ao ecossistema costeiro. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial uso de aves pelágicas (oceânicas); Thalassarche melanophris e Thalassarche chlororhynchos e aves de águas interiores (Nannopterum brasilianus) que vivem na área de influência das atividades de produção de petróleo e gás natural, como sentinelas da contaminação de As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Zn, Ni, Ba, V e Hg. As amostras de tecido hepático das três espécies foram provenientes de indivíduos encontrados encalhados no sul e sudeste da costa brasileira, durante monitoramento diário realizado pelo Projeto de Monitoramento de Praias (PMP) entre os anos de 2015 e 2022. Agrupando todas as espécies os elementos com maiores concentrações foram, em ordem decrescente: Zn > Cu > Mn > Hg > As > Cd > Mo > V > Cr> Ba> Ni> Pb. Aves pelágicas apresentaram maiores níveis de concentrações para Hg, As e Cd, indicando que ocorre uma maior biodisponibilidade desses elementos nas áreas forrageadas por espécies pelágicas. Alguns indivíduos apresentaram níveis elevados apara alguns elementos, provavelmente devido a contaminação por origem antrópica. Não houve variação temporal e grande diferença espacial na distribuição das concentrações. Os resultados apresentados indicam que as três espécies acumulam os elementos estudados e são boas sentinelas ambientais, no entanto, a comparação entre as diferentes espécies deve ser feita com cautela, visto que espécies de guildas diferentes apresentam concentrações em diferentes ordens de grandeza para alguns elementos.
The increase in diffuse sources of pollutants and contaminants in coastal regions causes long term negative impacts on the life present in this ecosystem. It is known that contamination in marine organisms by metals and metalloids has increased in recent years as a result of discharges of chemical contaminants from human activities. Among the human activities that can be sources of contamination for marine organisms, we have the activities related to the exploration and producti on of oil and natural gas. In addition, more recently environmental disasters involving oil spills in Brazilian coastal waters have been constant threats to organisms and the coastal ecosystem. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential use of pelag ic (oceanic) birds; ( Thalassarche melanophris Nannopterum brasilianus and Thalassarche chlororhynchos ) that live in the area of and inland birds influence of oil and natural gas production activities, as sentinels of contamination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Zn Ni, Ba, V and Hg. The liver tissue samples of the three species came from individuals found stranded in the south and southeast of the Brazilian coast, during daily monitoring carried out by the Beaches Monitoring Project (PMP) between 201 5 and 2022. Grouping all species, the elements with highest concentrations were, in decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Mn > Hg > As > Cd > Mo > V > Cr > Ba > Ni > Pb. Pelagic birds showed higher levels of concentrations for Hg, As and Cd, indicating that there is a greater bioavailability of these elements in areas foraged by pelagic species. Some individuals showed high levels of some elements, probably due to contamination by anthropic origin. There was no temporal variation and great spatial difference in the di stribution of concentrations. The results presented indicate that the three species accumulate the studied elements and are good environmental sentinels, however, the comparison between the different species must be done with caution, since species from di fferent guilds present concentrations in different orders of magnitude for some elements.
The increase in diffuse sources of pollutants and contaminants in coastal regions causes long term negative impacts on the life present in this ecosystem. It is known that contamination in marine organisms by metals and metalloids has increased in recent years as a result of discharges of chemical contaminants from human activities. Among the human activities that can be sources of contamination for marine organisms, we have the activities related to the exploration and producti on of oil and natural gas. In addition, more recently environmental disasters involving oil spills in Brazilian coastal waters have been constant threats to organisms and the coastal ecosystem. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential use of pelag ic (oceanic) birds; ( Thalassarche melanophris Nannopterum brasilianus and Thalassarche chlororhynchos ) that live in the area of and inland birds influence of oil and natural gas production activities, as sentinels of contamination of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, Mo, Zn Ni, Ba, V and Hg. The liver tissue samples of the three species came from individuals found stranded in the south and southeast of the Brazilian coast, during daily monitoring carried out by the Beaches Monitoring Project (PMP) between 201 5 and 2022. Grouping all species, the elements with highest concentrations were, in decreasing order: Zn > Cu > Mn > Hg > As > Cd > Mo > V > Cr > Ba > Ni > Pb. Pelagic birds showed higher levels of concentrations for Hg, As and Cd, indicating that there is a greater bioavailability of these elements in areas foraged by pelagic species. Some individuals showed high levels of some elements, probably due to contamination by anthropic origin. There was no temporal variation and great spatial difference in the di stribution of concentrations. The results presented indicate that the three species accumulate the studied elements and are good environmental sentinels, however, the comparison between the different species must be done with caution, since species from di fferent guilds present concentrations in different orders of magnitude for some elements.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Elementos-traço, Contaminação, Aves aquáticas, Conservação, Sentinelas ambientais, Trace elements, Contamination, Conservation, Water birds