Reconstrução do histórico de áreas queimadas na Floresta Estadual “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade” e seu entorno
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Data
2022-12-21
Autores
Pires, Enrique Santana
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi reconstruir o regime de queimas na Floresta Estadual “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade” (FEENA), e no seu entorno (7 km), entre os anos 2000 a 2021. Devido à importância histórica, cultural, científica e turística para o Estado de São Paulo, e por abrigar significativos remanescentes de Mata Atlântica e Cerrado em seu sub-bosque, em 11 de junho de 2002, pelo decreto n° 46.819, a área foi transformada em Floresta Estadual - uma Unidade de Conservação (UC) de Uso Sustentável. Um dos principais vetores de degradação nesta UC é a recorrência de incêndios tanto no entorno quanto no interior da mesma. Utilizando imagens orbitais dos sensores Thematic Mapper (TM), do Landsat 5, Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+), do Landsat 7, e Operational Land Imager (OLI), do Landsat 8, foram mapeadas as cicatrizes de áreas queimadas no período estabelecido. Esperava-se que por ser uma UC majoritariamente florestal e com alta restrição ao uso do fogo, esta apresentaria menor área queimada em relação ao seu entorno , porém a área queimada na FEENA foi 5,3% superior ao seu entorno, além de apresentar padrões espaço-temporais semelhantes, como, por exemplo, o pico de queimadas nos meses de agosto-setembro e a concentração de área queimada próxima às estradas. Desta forma, concluímos que o regime de fogo da FEENA é determinado pelo uso da terra em seu entorno, de modo que há de se considerar os aspectos sociais no planejamento de novas políticas de conservação, com a integração entre órgãos estaduais, municipais, e a sociedade.
The main objective of this work was to reconstruct the fire regime in the “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade” State Forest (FEENA), and in its surroundings (7 km), between the years 2000 to 2021. Due to the historical, cultural, scientific and tourist importance for the State of São Paulo, and for harboring significant remnants of Atlantic Forest and Cerrado in its understory, on June 11, 2002, by decree n° 46,819, the area was transformed into a State Forest - a Conservation Unit (UC) of Use Sustainable. One of the main vectors of degradation in this UC is the recurrence of fires both in the surroundings and inside it. Using orbital images from Landsat 5's Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7's Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) and Landsat 8's Operational Land Imager (OLI),were mapped the scars of burned areas in the established period. It was expected that, as it is a UC mostly forest and with high restrictions on the use of fire, it would have a smaller area burned in relation to its surroundings, but the burned area in FEENA was 5.3% higher than its surroundings, in addition to presenting patterns similar spatio-temporal, such as, for example, the peak of fires in the months of August-September and the concentration of burned area close to the roads. In this way, we conclude that the FEENA fire regime is determined by the use of the land in its surroundings, so that social aspects must be considered in the planning of new conservation policies, with the integration between state and municipal bodies, and the society.
The main objective of this work was to reconstruct the fire regime in the “Edmundo Navarro de Andrade” State Forest (FEENA), and in its surroundings (7 km), between the years 2000 to 2021. Due to the historical, cultural, scientific and tourist importance for the State of São Paulo, and for harboring significant remnants of Atlantic Forest and Cerrado in its understory, on June 11, 2002, by decree n° 46,819, the area was transformed into a State Forest - a Conservation Unit (UC) of Use Sustainable. One of the main vectors of degradation in this UC is the recurrence of fires both in the surroundings and inside it. Using orbital images from Landsat 5's Thematic Mapper (TM), Landsat 7's Enhanced Thematic Mapper+ (ETM+) and Landsat 8's Operational Land Imager (OLI),were mapped the scars of burned areas in the established period. It was expected that, as it is a UC mostly forest and with high restrictions on the use of fire, it would have a smaller area burned in relation to its surroundings, but the burned area in FEENA was 5.3% higher than its surroundings, in addition to presenting patterns similar spatio-temporal, such as, for example, the peak of fires in the months of August-September and the concentration of burned area close to the roads. In this way, we conclude that the FEENA fire regime is determined by the use of the land in its surroundings, so that social aspects must be considered in the planning of new conservation policies, with the integration between state and municipal bodies, and the society.
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Palavras-chave
Landsat, Regime de queimas, Sensoriamento remoto, Unidade de Conservação, Zona de amortecimento, Burning regime, Remote sensing, Conservation Unit, Buffer zone