Captação desigual de crédito do PRONAF em municípios brasileiros: uma análise a partir dos dispositivos legais e da distribuição territorial por períodos governamentais
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Data
2022-11-01
Autores
Gonçalves, Thiago Leite
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Destacada a importância da agricultura familiar para o Brasil como principal mantenedora da ocupação humana no rural e produtora majoritária dos alimentos agrícolas consumidos internamente, este trabalho tem como objetivo geral apresentar um panorama sobre a distribuição dos recursos do Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar – o PRONAF. O PRONAF é um programa federal com função de subsídio aos agricultores familiares no custeio e no investimento de atividades geradoras de renda que possibilitem a sua permanência e o desenvolvimento do estabelecimento ou empreendimento rural, sendo estas produtivas, capacitivas, comerciais, compras de cota parte, de preservação da natureza e agropecuárias ou não – como o artesanato, a indústria caseira e o ecoturismo. Reconhecendo que o agricultor familiar é o camponês, o beneficiário da Reforma Agrária, o remanescente de quilombos, o indígena, o extrativista, o pescador artesanal, o ribeirinho, o aquicultor, o silvicultor e o pequeno produtor rural, se faz necessário o estudo da operacionalização do programa em função da equidade em sua distribuição geográfica. Para tal, os métodos abordados partem de uma revisão sobre os dispositivos legais do programa de 1996 a 2015 a partir da consulta realizada junto ao sítio eletrônico do Planalto Federal e da distribuição espacializada do número e do valor de contratos concedidos municipalmente entre custeio e investimento em todo território brasileiro no período compreendido entre 1999 e 2022. Os dados do programa foram agrupados por períodos governamentais, de forma a promover a comparação dos montantes financiados e a sua adesão territorial. Os valores monetários foram corrigidos de acordo com o IPCA de junho de 2022. O software utilizado para a construção dos mapas foi o Philcarto, a matriz cartográfica de 2015 adquirida do IBGE, e o editor para finalização de cores e edição o Inkscape. Durante a introdução buscou-se apresentar o contexto secular que formou o PRONAF, caracterizado pela apresentação dos sistemas tradicionais de produção agrícola e pecuário, os seus processos de transformação e o desenvolvimento com foco em latifúndios e na exportação, a formação dos arranjos agroindustriais, a criação do Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural e o fornecimento público de assistência técnica e extensão rural. A ação desempenhada pelo PRONAF é recente no cenário de incentivo público às atividades rurais e foi resultante de lutas dos agricultores familiares. Agricultores estes que apesar da árdua competição iniciada na Revolução Verde, mantiveram-se resilientes em função do pertencimento adquirido por suas relações culturais, sociais, trabalhistas e econômicas integradas à natureza e à ação comunitária local.
Highlighting the importance of family farming for Brazil as the main maintainer of human occupation in rural areas and the majority producer of agricultural food consumed internally, this work has the general objective of presenting an overview of the distribution of resources of the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture - the PRONAF. PRONAF is a federal program with the function of subsidy to family farmers in the cost and investment of income-generating activities that allow their permanence and the development of the establishment or rural enterprise, being these productive, capacity-building, commercial, share purchases, preservation of nature and agriculture or not – such as handicrafts, home industry and ecotourism. Recognizing that the family farmer is the peasant, the beneficiary of the Agrarian Reform, the remnant of quilombos, the indigenous, the extractive, the artisanal fisherman, the riverside, the aquaculture, the forestry and the small rural producer, it is necessary to study the operationalization of the program based on equity in its geographic distribution. To this end, the methods addressed are based on a review of the legal provisions of the program from 1996 to 2015 based on the consultation carried out on the Federal Planalto Federal website and the spatial distribution of the number and value of contracts granted municipally between funding and investment in throughout Brazilian territory in the period between 1999 and 2022. Program data were grouped by governmental periods, in order to promote the comparison of financed amounts and their territorial adherence. Monetary values were corrected according to the June 2022 IPCA. The software used to build the maps was Philcarto, the 2015 cartographic matrix acquired from IBGE, and the editor for color finishing and editing was Inkscape. During the introduction, an attempt was made to present the secular context that formed PRONAF, characterized by the presentation of traditional agricultural and livestock production systems, their processes of transformation and development with a focus on large estates and exports, the formation of agro-industrial arrangements, the creation of the National Rural Credit System and the public provision of technical assistance and rural extension. The action carried out by PRONAF is recent in the context of public incentives for rural activities and was the result of the struggles of family farmers. These farmers, despite the arduous competition that began in the Green Revolution, remained resilient due to the belonging acquired through their cultural, social, labor and economic relationships integrated with nature and local community action.
Highlighting the importance of family farming for Brazil as the main maintainer of human occupation in rural areas and the majority producer of agricultural food consumed internally, this work has the general objective of presenting an overview of the distribution of resources of the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture - the PRONAF. PRONAF is a federal program with the function of subsidy to family farmers in the cost and investment of income-generating activities that allow their permanence and the development of the establishment or rural enterprise, being these productive, capacity-building, commercial, share purchases, preservation of nature and agriculture or not – such as handicrafts, home industry and ecotourism. Recognizing that the family farmer is the peasant, the beneficiary of the Agrarian Reform, the remnant of quilombos, the indigenous, the extractive, the artisanal fisherman, the riverside, the aquaculture, the forestry and the small rural producer, it is necessary to study the operationalization of the program based on equity in its geographic distribution. To this end, the methods addressed are based on a review of the legal provisions of the program from 1996 to 2015 based on the consultation carried out on the Federal Planalto Federal website and the spatial distribution of the number and value of contracts granted municipally between funding and investment in throughout Brazilian territory in the period between 1999 and 2022. Program data were grouped by governmental periods, in order to promote the comparison of financed amounts and their territorial adherence. Monetary values were corrected according to the June 2022 IPCA. The software used to build the maps was Philcarto, the 2015 cartographic matrix acquired from IBGE, and the editor for color finishing and editing was Inkscape. During the introduction, an attempt was made to present the secular context that formed PRONAF, characterized by the presentation of traditional agricultural and livestock production systems, their processes of transformation and development with a focus on large estates and exports, the formation of agro-industrial arrangements, the creation of the National Rural Credit System and the public provision of technical assistance and rural extension. The action carried out by PRONAF is recent in the context of public incentives for rural activities and was the result of the struggles of family farmers. These farmers, despite the arduous competition that began in the Green Revolution, remained resilient due to the belonging acquired through their cultural, social, labor and economic relationships integrated with nature and local community action.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agricultura familiar, Crédito rural, Mapa, Contrato, Financiamento, Family farmer, Rural credit, Map, Contract, Financing