Entre desalentos e superações: a ressignificação da prisioneira no papel transformador de mãe no cárcere.
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Data
2022-12-19
Autores
Francisco, Laís Gabrielli
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: no Brasil, a Lei 11.942, de 2009, confere amplos direitos à mulher encarcerada, ao acompanhamento médico no pré-natal e no pós-parto, extensivo ao recém-nascido, no mínimo por seis meses de idade, contudo ainda se faz necessário qualificar essa assistência como uma das medidas de ressocialização, envolvendo a interface dos sistemas prisional-saúde, uma vez o parto realizado em hospitais/maternidades.Objetivos: compreender a experiência da gestação e parto de mulheres encarceradas e elaborar modelo teórico desse processo de vivência. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, aprovada por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. As entrevistas individuais e em profundidade foram audiogravadas e transcritas na íntegra. A saturação teórica deu-se a partir da análise da 26ª entrevista, à luz da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, com mulheres que vivenciaram a gestação e o parto, em unidades prisionais do interior do estado de São Paulo.Resultados: a experiência decorre preponderantemente de mulheres jovens, pardas, de baixa renda familiar e escolaridade, assim como com histórico obstétrico de outras gravidezes. As categorias identificadas e as relações teóricas estabelecidas possibilitaram o desenvolvimento de processo analítico e explicativo das ações e das interações que compõem a experiência, por quatro subprocessos: (A) descobrindo-se grávida e no cárcere: entre a autonomia reduzida e a resiliência pelo bebê imaginado;(B) mudando de convicção sobre o parto normal durante o pré-natal: do temor à autoconfiança; (C) considerando a humanização do parto parte da ressocialização da detenta; (D) movendo-se entre os prazeres de amamentar e os sofrimentos do desmame para a separação do bebê. Do realinhamento das categorias, subcategorias e elementos que compõem os subprocessos decorreu a categoria central (modelo teórico), intitulado: entre desalentos e superações: a ressignificação da prisioneira no papel transformador de mãe no cárcere como componente interveniente. Considerações finais: a experiência da gestação e parto de mulheres no cárcere sinaliza o processo contribuir com a ressocialização das mesmas, uma vez amenizar o próprio estigma social que carrega como presidiária, ressignificado no papel de mãe e, portanto, mantendo-a motivada a enfrentar os desafios que estão por vir. Desta forma o pré-parto e o parto não podem ser interpretados por essa mulher como parte das penalidades a serem cumpridas no cárcere, mas é preciso investir na qualificação humanizada dessa assistência, tendo em vista o significado transformacional que significa a maternidade na vida dela, inclusive preparando-a para o retorno social.
Introduction: in Brazil, Law 11.942, of 2009, grants broad rights to incarcerated women, to medical follow-up in prenatal and postpartum, extended to the newborn, at least for six months of age, however it is still necessary to qualify this assistance as one of the resocialization measures, involving the interface of the prison-health systems, since the delivery takes place in hospitals/maternity hospitals.Objectives: to understand the experience of pregnancy and childbirth of incarcerated women and to elaborate a theoretical model of this experience process.Method: qualitative research, approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Individual and in-depth interviews were audio-recorded and fully transcribed. Theoretical saturation was based on the analysis of the 26th interview, in the light of Grounded Theory, with women who experienced pregnancy and childbirth in prison units from the state of São Paulo.Results: the experience stems mainly from young, brown women, with low family income and education, as well as with an obstetric history of other pregnancies. The identified categories and established theoretical relationships enabled the development of an analytical and explanatory process of the actions and interactions that make up the experience, through four sub-processes: (A) discovering oneself pregnant and in prison: between reduced autonomy and resilience for the baby imagined; (B) changing beliefs about normal delivery during prenatal care: from fear to self-confidence; (C) considering the humanization of childbirth as part of the detainee's resocialization; (D) moving between the pleasures of breastfeeding and the sufferings of weaning for separation from the baby. From the realignment of the categories, subcategories and elements that make up the subprocesses, the central category (theoretical model) resulted, entitled: between discouragements and overcomings: the resignification of the female prisoner in the transforming role of mother in the prison as an intervening component. Final considerations: the experience of pregnancy and childbirth of women in prison signals the process to contribute to their resocialization, since it softens the social stigma that they carry as a prisoner, re-signifying the role of mother and, therefore, keeping them motivated to face the challenges to come. In this way, pre-delivery and childbirth cannot be interpreted by this woman as part of the penalties to be fulfilled in prison, but it is necessary to invest in the humanized qualification of this assistance, in view of the transformational meaning that motherhood means in her life, including preparing it for social return.
Introduction: in Brazil, Law 11.942, of 2009, grants broad rights to incarcerated women, to medical follow-up in prenatal and postpartum, extended to the newborn, at least for six months of age, however it is still necessary to qualify this assistance as one of the resocialization measures, involving the interface of the prison-health systems, since the delivery takes place in hospitals/maternity hospitals.Objectives: to understand the experience of pregnancy and childbirth of incarcerated women and to elaborate a theoretical model of this experience process.Method: qualitative research, approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Individual and in-depth interviews were audio-recorded and fully transcribed. Theoretical saturation was based on the analysis of the 26th interview, in the light of Grounded Theory, with women who experienced pregnancy and childbirth in prison units from the state of São Paulo.Results: the experience stems mainly from young, brown women, with low family income and education, as well as with an obstetric history of other pregnancies. The identified categories and established theoretical relationships enabled the development of an analytical and explanatory process of the actions and interactions that make up the experience, through four sub-processes: (A) discovering oneself pregnant and in prison: between reduced autonomy and resilience for the baby imagined; (B) changing beliefs about normal delivery during prenatal care: from fear to self-confidence; (C) considering the humanization of childbirth as part of the detainee's resocialization; (D) moving between the pleasures of breastfeeding and the sufferings of weaning for separation from the baby. From the realignment of the categories, subcategories and elements that make up the subprocesses, the central category (theoretical model) resulted, entitled: between discouragements and overcomings: the resignification of the female prisoner in the transforming role of mother in the prison as an intervening component. Final considerations: the experience of pregnancy and childbirth of women in prison signals the process to contribute to their resocialization, since it softens the social stigma that they carry as a prisoner, re-signifying the role of mother and, therefore, keeping them motivated to face the challenges to come. In this way, pre-delivery and childbirth cannot be interpreted by this woman as part of the penalties to be fulfilled in prison, but it is necessary to invest in the humanized qualification of this assistance, in view of the transformational meaning that motherhood means in her life, including preparing it for social return.
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Palavras-chave
Acontecimentos que mudam a vida, Mulheres, Cuidado pré-natal, Assistência perinatal, Enfermagem Obstétrica, Prisioneiros