Avaliação dos processos de produção caseira de extratos de Cannabis sativa L. para fins medicinais
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Data
2022-12-14
Autores
Souza, Melina Arruda de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A terapia com cannabis medicinal é recomendada para várias patologias como transtorno do espectro autista, doenças inflamatórias, neuralgias, ansiedade, entre outras. Entretanto, o alto custo dos medicamentos importados e produtos de cannabis nacionais regulamentados pela ANVISA torna o acesso ao tratamento muito restrito. Uma alternativa de acesso é o auto cultivo, proibido por lei, sob ação judicial, e a extração caseira do óleo medicinal pelos pacientes que possuem um habeas corpus. Em muitos casos, os diferentes processos, desde a colheita até a extração, não são os ideais na perspectiva de uma cadeia produtiva de fitoterápicos. As técnicas, facilmente encontradas em blogs, cartilhas e sites, utilizam diferentes processamentos da matéria-prima vegetal e condições de extração, tornando necessário verificar se essas condizem com procedimentos considerados minimamente adequados para obtenção de um extrato eficaz e seguro. Foram descritas técnicas de secagem lenta, em estufa e por microondas, descarboxilação em forno e banho-maria e extrações com e sem solventes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os processos caseiros de obtenção de extratos de cannabis, apontando possíveis pontos críticos pós colheita nestes procedimentos caseiros, incluindo a secagem, descarboxilação, extração, purificação da solução extrativa e secagem do extrato, com base na literatura técnico-científica e a identificação da possibilidade de reprodução a nível doméstico de alguns métodos.
Medical cannabis therapy is recommended for many pathologies such as autism spectrum disorder, inflammatory diseases, neuralgias, anxiety, and others. However, importing cannabis products, nationally regulated by ANVISA, is expensive and makes the access to treatment very restricted. An alternative access is growing cannabis at home, which is prohibid by law under lawsuit, and extracting the medicinal oil with materials available at home. The different processes from harvesting to extracting at home can be not the ideal from the point of view of a production chain of herbal medicines. Different techniques of processing cannabis are easily accessible on blogs, brochures and websites, and as they use different processing procedures, it is important to verify how the processing methods are effective and safe. Slow drying techniques, in an oven and by microwave, decarboxylation in an oven and water bath and extractions with and without solvents have been described. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the homemade processes of obtaining cannabis extracts based on the technical-scientific literature, pointing out possible critical points in these post harvest methods, including drying, decarboxylation, extraction, purification of the extractive solution.
Medical cannabis therapy is recommended for many pathologies such as autism spectrum disorder, inflammatory diseases, neuralgias, anxiety, and others. However, importing cannabis products, nationally regulated by ANVISA, is expensive and makes the access to treatment very restricted. An alternative access is growing cannabis at home, which is prohibid by law under lawsuit, and extracting the medicinal oil with materials available at home. The different processes from harvesting to extracting at home can be not the ideal from the point of view of a production chain of herbal medicines. Different techniques of processing cannabis are easily accessible on blogs, brochures and websites, and as they use different processing procedures, it is important to verify how the processing methods are effective and safe. Slow drying techniques, in an oven and by microwave, decarboxylation in an oven and water bath and extractions with and without solvents have been described. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the homemade processes of obtaining cannabis extracts based on the technical-scientific literature, pointing out possible critical points in these post harvest methods, including drying, decarboxylation, extraction, purification of the extractive solution.
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Palavras-chave
Cannabis sativa, Métodos de Extração, Extrato, Óleo de cannabis, Fitocanabinoides