Efeito da educação ambiental no controle da população de flebotomíneos
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Data
2022-12-22
Autores
Stringheta, Regina Celia Loverdi de Lima
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O município de Araçatuba está localizado em uma área endêmica para a Leishmaniose Visceral (LV), cujo principal vetor é o flebotomíneo Lutzomyia longipalpis. Neste sentido foi investigado o efeito da educação ambiental no controle da população de flebotomíneos. Assim, foi avaliado o conhecimento de tutores caninos com questionários aplicados por meio de entrevistas anteriores e posteriores à ações educativas. A cada visita foram realizadas coletas de flebotomíneos por meio de armadilhas luminosas do tipo CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA), que foram instaladas no peri e intradomicílio de cada casa. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que o maior número de respostas corretas foi observado após as ações educativas, sendo a maioria estatisticamente significativa, portanto houve aumento do conhecimento dos tutores caninos em relação a LV. No total, foram identificados 122 exemplares de L. longipalpis. Em relação a análise molecular, somente houve a detecção de Leishmania spp. em 25% (2/8) das fêmeas de L. longipalpis antes da atividade educativa e após a atividade educativa não foi encontrado positividade. Posteriormente ao trabalho educativo, houve redução do número de flebotomíneos de 84 para 38, sendo constatado também maior número de acertos nos questionários, pois foi observado aumento das respostas corretas, sendo a maioria estatisticamente significativa (p<0,05). Apesar de ser uma região endêmica para a doença os tutores apresentaram pouco conhecimento sobre o referido tema. Após o trabalho educativo, foi constatado que houve maior número de acertos nos questionários aplicados aos tutores caninos, assim como redução da ocorrência de flebotomíneos nas residências visitadas.
The city of Araçatuba is located in an endemic area for Visceral Leishmaniasis, whose main vector is the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of environmental education on the control of the sandfly population. Thus, the knowledge of canine tutors was evaluated with questionnaires applied through interviews before and after educational activities. At each visit, sandflies were collected using CDC (Center Disease Control) light traps, which were installed outside and inside each house. It is interesting to note that a greater number of correct answers was observed after the educational actions, the majority being statistically significant, so there was an increase in the tutors' knowledge regarding VL. In total, 122 specimens of L. longipalpis were identified. Regarding the molecular analysis, only 25% (2/8) of the females of L. longipalpis were detected with Leishmania spp. before the educational activity and no positivity was found after the educational activity. After the educational work, there was a reduction in the number of sandflies from 84 to 38. A greater number of correct answers was also observed in the questionnaires related to leishmaniasis that were applied to canine tutors after the educational actions, the majority being statistically significant (p<0.05). Despite being an endemic region for the disease, the tutors showed little knowledge about this topic.
The city of Araçatuba is located in an endemic area for Visceral Leishmaniasis, whose main vector is the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis. The objective of this work was to investigate the influence of environmental education on the control of the sandfly population. Thus, the knowledge of canine tutors was evaluated with questionnaires applied through interviews before and after educational activities. At each visit, sandflies were collected using CDC (Center Disease Control) light traps, which were installed outside and inside each house. It is interesting to note that a greater number of correct answers was observed after the educational actions, the majority being statistically significant, so there was an increase in the tutors' knowledge regarding VL. In total, 122 specimens of L. longipalpis were identified. Regarding the molecular analysis, only 25% (2/8) of the females of L. longipalpis were detected with Leishmania spp. before the educational activity and no positivity was found after the educational activity. After the educational work, there was a reduction in the number of sandflies from 84 to 38. A greater number of correct answers was also observed in the questionnaires related to leishmaniasis that were applied to canine tutors after the educational actions, the majority being statistically significant (p<0.05). Despite being an endemic region for the disease, the tutors showed little knowledge about this topic.
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Palavras-chave
Leishmaniose Visceral., Educação em Saúde., Saúde Pública., Vetores., Visceral Leishmaniasis., Health Education., Public Health., Vectors.