Modos de aplicação de silício fluido em cana-planta e cana-soca cultivadas em Latossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico típico
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Data
2022-07-13
Autores
Silva, José Lucas Farias da [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura da cana-de-açúcar é fonte de energia renovável e de açúcar, com isso, estudos continuam sendo realizados com a finalidade de se obter maior produtividade e longevidade dos canaviais, havendo menor quantidade de reformas das áreas. A produtividade da cultura é afetada pelas condições ambientais adversas, como o estresse hídrico, sendo necessária a busca por estratégias que atenuem os efeitos na cultura. O uso do silício (Si) pode favorecer as culturas por ser um elemento benéfico, porém, a fonte utilizada do elemento no cultivo da cana-de-açúcar é sólida, o que aumenta o custo do manejo. Assim, são necessários estudos com o uso de fonte solúvel de Si na cana-de-açúcar. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos do fornecimento de Si no desenvolvimento de mudas pré-brotadas (MPB) de cana-de-açúcar, bem como os efeitos das diferentes formas de aplicação do elemento em cana-planta e em canaviais com tempo de cultivo mais avançado. Foram realizados quatro experimentos em campo. Inicialmente foi desenvolvido estudo realizando fertirrigação com Si na fase de rustificação de MPB. Posteriormente foi conduzido estudo que avaliou os efeitos do Si fornecido de diferentes formas (fase de formação de MPB; via foliar; via fertirrigação; e fornecimento na fase de muda combinada com fertirrigação em campo) em área de cana-planta. Outros dois estudos foram realizados em soqueiras de cana-de-açúcar, em área de diferentes idades, sendo avaliados os efeitos do Si fornecido via foliar ou via fertirrigação. O Si fornecido na fase de MPB aumentou o conteúdo do elemento nas mudas e proporcionou maior desenvolvimento. A aplicação do Si nas MPB combinada com a fertirrigação em campo proporcionou melhoria nos aspectos fisiológicos e aumento na produtividade em cana-planta. Em áreas de soqueira, a fertirrigação com Si proporcionou maior desenvolvimento da cultura. Em todos os experimentos, o fornecimento do Si ao proporcionar aumento do conteúdo do elemento na cana-de-açúcar, favoreceu o metabolismo da cultura, favorecendo os aspectos fisiológicos, como a produção de pigmentos fotossintéticos, aumento no teor de compostos fenólicos, menor índice de extravasamento de eletrólitos celulares e incremento das variáveis biométricas e de produtividade. Assim, o estudo propõe um sistema inédito que muda o conceito de fertilização de Si na cana-de-açúcar a partir de um programa integrado, que pode ser iniciado na fase de formação de mudas, ou na fase de campo em área de cana-planta ou de soqueiras, que deverá ter impacto direto na produtividade e na sustentabilidade do cultivo.
The sugarcane crop is important because it is a source of renewable energy, there is a demand for an increase in world production, and despite advances in crop management, studies continue to be carried out in order to obtain greater productivity, and thus , greater longevity of the cane fields, which allows for a smaller amount of cane field reforms. As crop productivity can be directly affected by environmental conditions, it is necessary to search for strategies that can attenuate the adverse effects on t he crop, thus contributing to the yield of caneplant and ratoon areas. The use of Si, which is a beneficial element, can favor the growth of crops with or without stress, however, in the cultivation of sugarcane, the source used of the element is solid, w hich ends up increasing the cost of management. Thus, studies with the use of soluble source of Si in sugarcane are necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the immediate effects of Si supply on the development of sugarcane MPB, as well as in areas with more advanced cultivation ages. Four experiments were carried out at field level. Initially, a study was carried out and fertigation with Si was carried out in the hardening phase of sugarcane MPB. Subsequently, a study was carried out to evaluate th e effects of Si supplied in different ways (MPB formation phase; via foliar; fertigation; and seedling formation and fertigation in the field) in a caneplant area. Two other studies were carried out in sugarcane ratoons, in areas of different ages, and th e effects of Si supplied via foliar or via fertigation were evaluated. The supply of Si in the MPb formation phase was efficient to increase the element content in the seedlings and provide greater development. The supply of Si in the seedling formation ph ase combined with fertigation in the field provided a better response in the sugarcane plants. In ratoon areas, fertigation provided greater crop development. In all experiments, the supply of Si, by providing an increase in the content of the element in t he sugarcane, favored the physiological metabolism of the culture, causing a beneficial effect by favoring the production of photosynthetic pigments, greater production of phenolic compounds, lower index of extravasation of cellular electrolytes, and incre ase in biometric and productivity variables. Thus, the study proposes an unprecedented system that changes the concept of Si fertilization in sugarcane from an integrated program, which can be initiated in the seedling formation phase, or in the field phas e in a sugarcane area. plant or ratoons, which should have a direct impact on the productivity and sustainability of the crop.
The sugarcane crop is important because it is a source of renewable energy, there is a demand for an increase in world production, and despite advances in crop management, studies continue to be carried out in order to obtain greater productivity, and thus , greater longevity of the cane fields, which allows for a smaller amount of cane field reforms. As crop productivity can be directly affected by environmental conditions, it is necessary to search for strategies that can attenuate the adverse effects on t he crop, thus contributing to the yield of caneplant and ratoon areas. The use of Si, which is a beneficial element, can favor the growth of crops with or without stress, however, in the cultivation of sugarcane, the source used of the element is solid, w hich ends up increasing the cost of management. Thus, studies with the use of soluble source of Si in sugarcane are necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to verify the immediate effects of Si supply on the development of sugarcane MPB, as well as in areas with more advanced cultivation ages. Four experiments were carried out at field level. Initially, a study was carried out and fertigation with Si was carried out in the hardening phase of sugarcane MPB. Subsequently, a study was carried out to evaluate th e effects of Si supplied in different ways (MPB formation phase; via foliar; fertigation; and seedling formation and fertigation in the field) in a caneplant area. Two other studies were carried out in sugarcane ratoons, in areas of different ages, and th e effects of Si supplied via foliar or via fertigation were evaluated. The supply of Si in the MPb formation phase was efficient to increase the element content in the seedlings and provide greater development. The supply of Si in the seedling formation ph ase combined with fertigation in the field provided a better response in the sugarcane plants. In ratoon areas, fertigation provided greater crop development. In all experiments, the supply of Si, by providing an increase in the content of the element in t he sugarcane, favored the physiological metabolism of the culture, causing a beneficial effect by favoring the production of photosynthetic pigments, greater production of phenolic compounds, lower index of extravasation of cellular electrolytes, and incre ase in biometric and productivity variables. Thus, the study proposes an unprecedented system that changes the concept of Si fertilization in sugarcane from an integrated program, which can be initiated in the seedling formation phase, or in the field phas e in a sugarcane area. plant or ratoons, which should have a direct impact on the productivity and sustainability of the crop.
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Palavras-chave
Elemento benéfico, Saccharum officinarum L., Fertirrigação, Aplicação foliar