Futebol e a emergência dos clubes-empresa no Brasil: da lógica territorial à lógica reticular de organização
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Data
2023-02-28
Autores
Ferreira, Jonathan [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No atual período técnico científico-informacional, as empresas globais inseriram-se no futebol visando acumulação a partir da propaganda e inserção em novos mercados. Esse envolvimento do capital no futebol não é novo. Entretanto, a novidade reside na constituição do modelo jurídico de clube-empresa e no surgimento de clubes articulados em redes, funcionando a partir do comando de uma matriz. Dessa forma, a pesquisa parte da seguinte questão: levando-se em consideração a financeirização da economia mundial e a consequente inserção de empresas globais na indústria futebolística, alguns clubes, enquanto associações civis sem fins lucrativos, quando comprados por corporações tal como a Red Bull, se inserem dentro de uma lógica reticular de organização que se opõe a antiga lógica dos territórios? Dentro de nossas análises, observamos que os clubes-empresa no Brasil é deficitário, compreende a estruturas arcaicas, tem pouca torcida e são concentrados em proprietários familiares. Em 2020, havia somente um clube-empresa na Série A e 125 clubes que não disputavam compe-tições em nenhuma divisão. Esse clube é o caso do Red Bull Bragantino, que está estruturado no modelo de multi-club ownership e detém o único capital social positivo dos clubes-empresa de São Paulo. De todo modo, a parceria entre a empresa global e o clube associativo, nos permitiu analisar como as rugosidades de um clube pode permitir que esse investimento aconteça. A instauração de um modelo de clubes articulados em redes tem como principal motivação a circulação de jogadores, fato determinando no período atual em que vive-mos.
In the current technical-scientific-informational milieu, global companies have entered foot-ball with the aim of accumulating from advertising and entering new markets. This involve-ment of capital in football is not new. However, the novelty resides in the constitution of the legal model of limited company soccer and in the appearance of clubs articulated in networks, functioning from the command of a matrix. In this way, the research starts from the following question: taking into account the financialization of the world economy and the consequent insertion of global companies in the football industry, some clubs, as non-profit civil associa-tions, when purchased by corporations such as the Red Bull, are they part of a reticular logic of organization that opposes the old logic of territories? Within our analyses, we observed that corporate clubs in Brazil are deficient, comprise archaic structures, have little supporters and are concentrated in family owners. In 2020, there was only one company club in Serie A and 125 clubs that did not compete in any division. This club is the case of Red Bull Bragantino, which is structured on the multi-club ownership model and holds the only positive share capi-tal of corporate clubs in São Paulo. Anyway, the partnership between the global company and the associative club allowed us to analyze how the roughness of a club can allow this investment to happen. The establishment of a model of clubs articulated in networks has as its main motivation the movement of players, a fact that determines the current period in which we live.
In the current technical-scientific-informational milieu, global companies have entered foot-ball with the aim of accumulating from advertising and entering new markets. This involve-ment of capital in football is not new. However, the novelty resides in the constitution of the legal model of limited company soccer and in the appearance of clubs articulated in networks, functioning from the command of a matrix. In this way, the research starts from the following question: taking into account the financialization of the world economy and the consequent insertion of global companies in the football industry, some clubs, as non-profit civil associa-tions, when purchased by corporations such as the Red Bull, are they part of a reticular logic of organization that opposes the old logic of territories? Within our analyses, we observed that corporate clubs in Brazil are deficient, comprise archaic structures, have little supporters and are concentrated in family owners. In 2020, there was only one company club in Serie A and 125 clubs that did not compete in any division. This club is the case of Red Bull Bragantino, which is structured on the multi-club ownership model and holds the only positive share capi-tal of corporate clubs in São Paulo. Anyway, the partnership between the global company and the associative club allowed us to analyze how the roughness of a club can allow this investment to happen. The establishment of a model of clubs articulated in networks has as its main motivation the movement of players, a fact that determines the current period in which we live.
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Palavras-chave
Clubes esportivos, Globalização, Geografia analise de redes, Futebol aspectos econômicos, Neoliberalismo, Athletic clubs, Globalization, Geography Network analysis, Soccer economic aspects, Neoliberalism