Saúde mental do estudante universitário e a relação com experiências adversas na infância
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Data
2023-02-27
Autores
Saad, Julia do Nascimento
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: A partir da identificação de eventos adversos da infância como fatores de risco para adoecimento físico e mental na vida adulta, tem sido estudada a relação dessas experiências com diferentes adoecimentos também de estudantes universitários. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de eventos adversos na infância e adolescência e a associação com saúde mental de indivíduos adultos, estudantes universitários. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, com a participação consentida de estudantes do primeiro ao sexto ano do curso de graduação em medicina de uma universidade no interior paulista. Foram aplicados questionários: sobre informações sociodemográficas e aspectos da vida universitária; o Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) para identificação de sofrimento psíquico; o Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) para identificação de uso de risco de bebida alcoólica; o Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE). Foram calculadas as prevalências de cada tipo de evento adverso e sua associação com sofrimento psíquico e com uso de bebida alcoólica. Em seguida, foram desenvolvidas as análises univariada e multivariadas. Resultado: Participaram do estudo 393 estudantes de medicina o que equivale a uma taxa de resposta de 73,0%. Entre estes 69,2% apresentaram ao menos um evento adverso, sendo que 24,7% apresentaram três ou mais eventos. Em análise univariada observou-se uma associação significativa com sofrimento psíquico (p<0,001), mas não com uso problemático de álcool (que se manteve em análise multivariada). Na análise multivariada, com controle para sexo e renda, observou-se relação entre transtorno mental comum e abusos verbal e físico, negligência física e emocional, e presença de cuidador deprimido, com problema psiquiátrico ou ideação suicida. Conclusão: no presente estudo a presença de transtorno mental comum se associou ao número de experiências adversas na infância. Em análise multivariada com controle para sexo e renda, se manteve a relação com abuso e negligência emocional e física, assim como à presença de cuidador psiquicamente adoecido.
Introduction: From the identification of Adverse Childhood Experiences as risk factors for physical and mental illness in adulthood, the relationship between these experiences and different types of illnesses has been studied also in university students. Objectives: Estimating the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and the association with the mental health of adult individuals, university students. Method: this is a cross-sectional study, with the consented participation of medical students from the first to sixth year from a public university in the interior of São Paulo. A number of questionnaires were applied: about sociodemographic data and aspects of college life; the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) in order to identify emotional distress; the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in order to identify risky alcohol intake; Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE). The prevalence for each adverse event was calculated as well as their association with psychological distress and the use of alcohol. Afterwards, the univariate and multivariate analysis were developed. Results: 393 students participated in this study, with a 73,0% response rate. Among those, 69,2% presented at least one adverse experience, and 24,7% experienced three or more events. In the univariate analysis, it was observed a significative association with psychologic distress (p<0,001), however there wasn’t a relationship to alcohol abuse (which also didn’t appear in the multivariate analysis). In the multivariate analysis, controlling for income and sex, there was an association between common mental disorder and emotional and physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and having a parent with depression, mental illness or suicidal ideation. Conclusion: in this present study the presence of common mental disorder is associated to the number of adverse childhood experiences. In the multivariate analysis controlled for income and sex, there was still a relationship with physical and emotional abuse and neglect, as well as the presence of a mentally ill or depressed caregiver.
Introduction: From the identification of Adverse Childhood Experiences as risk factors for physical and mental illness in adulthood, the relationship between these experiences and different types of illnesses has been studied also in university students. Objectives: Estimating the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences and the association with the mental health of adult individuals, university students. Method: this is a cross-sectional study, with the consented participation of medical students from the first to sixth year from a public university in the interior of São Paulo. A number of questionnaires were applied: about sociodemographic data and aspects of college life; the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) in order to identify emotional distress; the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in order to identify risky alcohol intake; Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE). The prevalence for each adverse event was calculated as well as their association with psychological distress and the use of alcohol. Afterwards, the univariate and multivariate analysis were developed. Results: 393 students participated in this study, with a 73,0% response rate. Among those, 69,2% presented at least one adverse experience, and 24,7% experienced three or more events. In the univariate analysis, it was observed a significative association with psychologic distress (p<0,001), however there wasn’t a relationship to alcohol abuse (which also didn’t appear in the multivariate analysis). In the multivariate analysis, controlling for income and sex, there was an association between common mental disorder and emotional and physical abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and having a parent with depression, mental illness or suicidal ideation. Conclusion: in this present study the presence of common mental disorder is associated to the number of adverse childhood experiences. In the multivariate analysis controlled for income and sex, there was still a relationship with physical and emotional abuse and neglect, as well as the presence of a mentally ill or depressed caregiver.
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Palavras-chave
Estudantes de medicina, Saúde mental, Doenças mentais, Experiências adversas da infância, Mudança de vida, Estresse psicológico, Adultos sobreviventes a eventos traumáticos na infância