Investigação biológica e química dos fungos endofíticos isolados de Galianthe thalictroides com atividade antagônica frente ao fitopatógeno Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
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Data
2023-02-24
Autores
Nunes, Emanuel Victor dos Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O fungo Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causador da doença popularmente conhecida como “mofo branco”, é um dos fitopatógenos mais devastadores da área agrícola, afetando colheitas de feijão, amendoim e soja, e causando milhões de dólares em danos no mundo inteiro. A técnica mais comum de manejo do S. sclerotiorum ocorre através do emprego extensivo de produtos químicos potencialmente danosos ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana, o que aumenta a demanda por formas alternativas de controle. Uma das alternativas em desenvolvimento é o emprego de metabólitos de fungos endofíticos, microrganismos que habitam naturalmente o interior dos tecidos vegetais, de forma assintomática, e se apresentam como promissores na produção de novos antibióticos naturais e outros metabólitos com interesse biotecnológico. O presente trabalho avaliou o antagonismo de fungos endofíticos associados à espécie vegetal Galianthe thalictroides, uma planta medicinal do pantanal sul-mato-grossense, frente ao S. sclerotiorum. A linhagem identificada como Penicillium javanicum (GTB-10) inibiu o crescimento do fitopatógeno em 72% em triagem por antibiose em co-cultura e foi investigada quimicamente utilizando a abordagem OSMAC (One Strain Many Compounds), técnicas de metabolômica global por CL-EM/EM, e atividade antifúngica dos extratos AcOEt. Análises metabolômicas permitiram a anotação de 14 substâncias, incluindo estatinas como a mevastatina e dihidromevastatina, a 2,5-dicetopiperazina felutanina A, e a isoflavona daidzeína. Análises estatísticas permitiram avaliar que o meio de cultura foi a variável com a maior contribuição para a variação metabólica, e ainda indicou as estatinas como agentes da atividade antifúngica contra o S. sclerotiorum. Esse foi o primeiro estudo de fungos endofíticos isolados da espécie vegetal G. thalictroides, e os resultados corroboram o potencial biotecnológico de endófitos de plantas medicinais do Pantanal.
The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, agent of the disease commonly known as “white mold”, is one of the most devastating phytopathogens of the agricultural industry, affecting crops such as beans, peanuts and soy, and causing millions of dollars in damages worldwide. The most common control technique of S. sclerotiorum is by the extensive application of agrochemicals potentially harmful to the environment and human health, which raises the demand for alternative manners of control. One of the budding alternatives is employing metabolites from endophytic fungi, microorganisms that naturally inhabit inner plant tissues in an asymptomatic way, and presents themselves as promising producers of natural antibiotics, and other metabolites of biotechnological interest. The present work evaluates the antagonism of endophytic fungi associated with the plant species Galianthe thalictroides, a medicinal plant from Mato Grosso do Sul Pantanal, against the S. sclerotiorum. The strain identified as Penicillium javanicum (GTB-10) inhibited the phytopathogen growth by 72% in antibiosis screening by cocultivation and was chemically evaluated using an OSMAC (One Strain, Many Compounds) approach, untargeted metabolomics techniques by LC-MS/MS and fungal activity of the EtOAc extracts against S. sclerotiorum. Metabolomic analyses enabled the annotation of 14 substances, including statins such as mevastatin and dihydromevastatin, the 2,5-diketopiperazine fellutanine A, and the isoflavone daidzein. Statistical analyses allowed to assess that the culture medium was the most influential condition regarding metabolic variation, and indicated a correlation of the statins to the antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum. This was the first study of endophytic fungi isolated from the plant species G. thalictroides, and the results endorse the huge biotechnological potential of endophytes from Pantanal medicinal plants.
The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, agent of the disease commonly known as “white mold”, is one of the most devastating phytopathogens of the agricultural industry, affecting crops such as beans, peanuts and soy, and causing millions of dollars in damages worldwide. The most common control technique of S. sclerotiorum is by the extensive application of agrochemicals potentially harmful to the environment and human health, which raises the demand for alternative manners of control. One of the budding alternatives is employing metabolites from endophytic fungi, microorganisms that naturally inhabit inner plant tissues in an asymptomatic way, and presents themselves as promising producers of natural antibiotics, and other metabolites of biotechnological interest. The present work evaluates the antagonism of endophytic fungi associated with the plant species Galianthe thalictroides, a medicinal plant from Mato Grosso do Sul Pantanal, against the S. sclerotiorum. The strain identified as Penicillium javanicum (GTB-10) inhibited the phytopathogen growth by 72% in antibiosis screening by cocultivation and was chemically evaluated using an OSMAC (One Strain, Many Compounds) approach, untargeted metabolomics techniques by LC-MS/MS and fungal activity of the EtOAc extracts against S. sclerotiorum. Metabolomic analyses enabled the annotation of 14 substances, including statins such as mevastatin and dihydromevastatin, the 2,5-diketopiperazine fellutanine A, and the isoflavone daidzein. Statistical analyses allowed to assess that the culture medium was the most influential condition regarding metabolic variation, and indicated a correlation of the statins to the antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum. This was the first study of endophytic fungi isolated from the plant species G. thalictroides, and the results endorse the huge biotechnological potential of endophytes from Pantanal medicinal plants.
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Palavras-chave
Estatística, Espectrometria de massa, Fungos endofíticos, Estatinas (agentes cardiovasculares), Planejamento experimental