Conservação de vísceras de cães visando ao treinamento clínico e cirúrgico – utilização do vácuo e sal de cura
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Data
2023-05-27
Autores
Queiroz, Andréa Barros Piazzon de Souza [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Métodos alternativos vêm sendo utilizados para minimizar o uso de animais vivos no ensino e buscam, também, reduzir o número de animais em experimentação. O uso de cadáveres é uma possibilidade como recurso alternativo ao uso de animais vivos para aprendizagem cirúrgica, os quais promovem eficiência prática, melhoram o aprendizado, além de apresentarem menor custo e serem possíveis customizá-los para repetição de técnicas. Objetivou-se, com esse trabalho, avaliar a conservação de conjuntos de vísceras (conjunto pulmão e coração – CPC -, e conjunto estômago, baço e intestinos – CEBI - de cães) com dois tipos de soluções preparadoras em relação à microbiologia, biomecânica ou insuflação pulmonar por até quatro meses. Foram utilizados 16 cadáveres, 8 para o grupo 1 (G1 - Álcool etílico glicerinado e sais de cura) e 8 para o grupo 2 (G2 - sais de cura). Para o CEBI foram quantificadas as alterações na resistência intestinal, medida em Newtons, durante o teste de tração, nos momentos zero (previamente à fixação), 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de conservação à vácuo e para o CPC foi avaliada a viabilidade pulmonar por meio da insuflação pulmonar. Foi realizada a análise microbiológica do líquido e de fragmento de tecido pulmonar para a quantificação das bactérias mesófilas aeróbias e anaeróbias, leveduras, Enterobacteriaceae, esporulados totais viáveis e presença de Clostridium. A força máxima de ruptura (FMR) para o G1 e G2, e o alongamento da ruptura (AR) do G1 e do G2 para as amostras controle do jejuno foram 19,21N, 9,68mm, 18,29N e 13,76mm, respectivamente, e durante a conservação, 23,34N e 9,06mm, 23,27N e 8,37mm (30 dias), 16,79N e 6,15mm, 21,46N e 5,33mm (60 dias), 23,02N e 5,02mm, 27,29N e 5,54 (D90), 28,07N e 5,39mm, 25,96N e 4,51mm (120 dias), respectivamente. Não houve diferença significativa entre a interação Tempo x Tratamento, e os fatores foram examinados individualmente dentro de cada grupo. No G1, os momentos D60, D90 e D120 diferiram significativamente do D0 (controle). Já no G2 houve diferença significativa em todos os momentos em relação ao D0. Não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos no D30, D60, D90 e D120 e a diferença observada no D0 não é estatisticamente relevante. A população microbiana não excedeu 9,2x103 UFC / mL no total de bactérias aeróbicas e 1,8x103 UFC/mL no total de bactérias anaeróbicas no G1 e 1,9x103 UFC/mL no total de bactérias aeróbias e 1,33x 103 UFC/mL para anaeróbios totais no G2. Enterobactereaceae foi detectado nas amostras de jejuno em 120 dias na concentração de 2,1x102. A contagem de leveduras nunca ultrapassou 3,4 x 102 UFC/mL e esporulados, 2,3x103 UFC/mL. A biomecânica não foi significativamente afetada e a contagem microbiológica foi baixa durante os 120 dias, demonstrando a eficácia de ambos protocolos de conservação de vísceras isoladas visando ao treinamento cirúrgico.
Alternative methods have been used to minimize the use of live animals in teaching and also seek to reduce the number of animals in experimentation. The use of cadavers is a possibility as an alternative resource to the use of live animals for surgical learning, which promotes practical efficiency and improves learning, in addition to presenting lower cost and being possible to customize them for repetition of techniques. The aim of this research was to evaluate the conservation of sets of viscera (lung and heart set - LHS -, and stomach, spleen, and intestines set - SSIS - of dogs) with two types of preparative solutions in relation to microbiology, biomechanics, or lung inflation for up to 4 months. Sixteen cadavers were used, 8 for group 1 (G1 - glycerin ethyl alcohol and curing salts) and 8 for group 2 (G2 - curing salts). For SSIS, changes in intestinal resistance were quantified, and measured in Newtons, during the traction test, at moments zero (prior to fixation), 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of vacuum storage, and for LHS, the viability was evaluated through lung insufflation. Microbiological analysis of the fluid, lung, and jejunum tissue fragment was performed to quantify aerobic and anaerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts, Enterobacteriaceae, total viable sporulates, and the presence of Clostridium. The maximum rupture force (FMR) for G1 and G2, and the elongation rupture (AR) of G1 and G2 for jejunum control samples were 19.21N, 9.68mm, 18.29N, and 13.76mm, respectively, and during storage, 23.34N and 9.06mm, 23.27N and 8.37mm (30 days), 16.79N and 6.15mm, 21.46N and 5.33mm (60 days), 23.02N and 5.02mm, 27.29N and 5.54 (D90), 28.07N and 5.39mm, 25.96N, and 4.51mm (120 days), respectively. There was no significant difference between the Time x Treatment interaction, and the factors were examined individually within each group. In G1, moments D60, D90, and D120 differed significantly from D0 (control). In G2, there is a significant difference at all times in relation to D0. There is no significant difference between treatments on D30, D60, D90, and D120; the difference observed on D0 is not statistically relevant. The microbial population did not exceed 9.2x103 CFU/mL in total aerobic bacteria and 1.8x103 CFU/mL in total anaerobic bacteria in G1 and 1.9x103 CFU/mL in total aerobic bacteria and 1.33x 103 CFU/mL for total anaerobes in G2. Enterobacteriaceae was detected in the jejunum samples in 120 days at a concentration of 2.1x102. The yeast count never exceeded 3.4 x 102 CFU/mL and sporulated, 2.3x103 CFU/mL. The biomechanics were not significantly affected and the microbiological count was low during the 120 days, demonstrating the effectiveness of both isolated viscera conservation protocols aimed at surgical training.
Alternative methods have been used to minimize the use of live animals in teaching and also seek to reduce the number of animals in experimentation. The use of cadavers is a possibility as an alternative resource to the use of live animals for surgical learning, which promotes practical efficiency and improves learning, in addition to presenting lower cost and being possible to customize them for repetition of techniques. The aim of this research was to evaluate the conservation of sets of viscera (lung and heart set - LHS -, and stomach, spleen, and intestines set - SSIS - of dogs) with two types of preparative solutions in relation to microbiology, biomechanics, or lung inflation for up to 4 months. Sixteen cadavers were used, 8 for group 1 (G1 - glycerin ethyl alcohol and curing salts) and 8 for group 2 (G2 - curing salts). For SSIS, changes in intestinal resistance were quantified, and measured in Newtons, during the traction test, at moments zero (prior to fixation), 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of vacuum storage, and for LHS, the viability was evaluated through lung insufflation. Microbiological analysis of the fluid, lung, and jejunum tissue fragment was performed to quantify aerobic and anaerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts, Enterobacteriaceae, total viable sporulates, and the presence of Clostridium. The maximum rupture force (FMR) for G1 and G2, and the elongation rupture (AR) of G1 and G2 for jejunum control samples were 19.21N, 9.68mm, 18.29N, and 13.76mm, respectively, and during storage, 23.34N and 9.06mm, 23.27N and 8.37mm (30 days), 16.79N and 6.15mm, 21.46N and 5.33mm (60 days), 23.02N and 5.02mm, 27.29N and 5.54 (D90), 28.07N and 5.39mm, 25.96N, and 4.51mm (120 days), respectively. There was no significant difference between the Time x Treatment interaction, and the factors were examined individually within each group. In G1, moments D60, D90, and D120 differed significantly from D0 (control). In G2, there is a significant difference at all times in relation to D0. There is no significant difference between treatments on D30, D60, D90, and D120; the difference observed on D0 is not statistically relevant. The microbial population did not exceed 9.2x103 CFU/mL in total aerobic bacteria and 1.8x103 CFU/mL in total anaerobic bacteria in G1 and 1.9x103 CFU/mL in total aerobic bacteria and 1.33x 103 CFU/mL for total anaerobes in G2. Enterobacteriaceae was detected in the jejunum samples in 120 days at a concentration of 2.1x102. The yeast count never exceeded 3.4 x 102 CFU/mL and sporulated, 2.3x103 CFU/mL. The biomechanics were not significantly affected and the microbiological count was low during the 120 days, demonstrating the effectiveness of both isolated viscera conservation protocols aimed at surgical training.
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Palavras-chave
Anatomia, Biomecânica, Insuflação pulmonar, Maleabilidade, Microbiologia