Entre representantes e representados: a reforma da previdência em debate no congresso e na internet
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Data
2023-03-27
Autores
Berti, Pedro Luis Bueno
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O desenho institucional das democracias modernas tem sido objeto de constantes revisões teóricas que buscam conciliar o sistema representativo a um formato mais inclusivo de participação popular que explore as potencialidades da internet. As fronteiras que separam o modelo formal de representação política e o modelo informal de conversação pública têm sido flexibilizadas por meio da expansão de redes sociais que facilitam o acesso quase instantâneo dos cidadãos às discussões realizadas nos parlamentos. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo geral investigar comparativamente as características das discussões entre parlamentares realizadas na Câmara dos Deputados e no Senado Federal e as características das discussões feitas por internautas nas páginas oficiais das duas instituições no Facebook a respeito da PEC (Proposta de Emenda à Constituição) 6/2019 que prevê a reforma da Previdência. Utilizando como metodologia principal a análise de conteúdo, os dados serão classificados em planilhas de acordo com os parâmetros estabelecidos pelo Índice de Qualidade do Discurso (IQD) e posteriormente processados em interface gráfica por meio dos softwares Atlas TI, que permitem mapear a construção de sentido das várias linhas discursivas dentro de um debate a partir da relação semântica entre as palavras e expressões empregadas na conversação. Esta tese teve como premissa duas hipóteses de pesquisa: a primeira relacionada a uma congruência argumentativa entre as esferas formais e informais de deliberação, e a segunda referente a uma incongruência quanto à qualidade dessa deliberação. De acordo com os resultados as duas hipóteses foram confirmadas. Os pronunciamentos parlamentares atingiram melhor pontuação no índice com relação ao tratamento entre os participantes e refinamento dos argumentos, porém, convergiram com os comentários dos internautas em termos de estratégias discursivas.
The institutional design of modern democracies has been the subject of constant theoretical revisions that seek to reconcile the representative system with a more inclusive format of popular participation that explores the potentialities of the internet. The boundaries that separate the formal model of political representation and the informal model of public conversation have been flexibilized through the expansion of social networks that facilitate citizens' almost instant access to discussions held in parliaments. This research aims to investigate, in a comparative manner, the characteristics of discussions among parliamentarians held in the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate, and the characteristics of discussions made by Internet users on the official Facebook pages of the two institutions regarding PEC (Proposal for a Constitutional Amendment) 6/2019, which provides for the reform of the Social Security system. Using content analysis as the main methodology, data will be classified in spreadsheets according to the parameters established by the Discourse Quality Index (DQI) and subsequently processed through graphical interfaces by means of the Atlas TI software, which allows mapping the construction of meaning of the various discursive lines within a debate from the semantic relationship between the words and expressions used in the conversation. This thesis was based on two research hypotheses: the first related to an argumentative congruence between formal and informal spheres of deliberation, and the second related to an incongruence regarding the quality of this deliberation. According to the results, both hypotheses were confirmed. Parliamentary speeches achieved a better score on the index regarding the treatment between participants and refinement of arguments, but converged with the comments of Internet users in terms of discursive strategies. Keywords: Political representation; legislative deliberation; online conversation
The institutional design of modern democracies has been the subject of constant theoretical revisions that seek to reconcile the representative system with a more inclusive format of popular participation that explores the potentialities of the internet. The boundaries that separate the formal model of political representation and the informal model of public conversation have been flexibilized through the expansion of social networks that facilitate citizens' almost instant access to discussions held in parliaments. This research aims to investigate, in a comparative manner, the characteristics of discussions among parliamentarians held in the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate, and the characteristics of discussions made by Internet users on the official Facebook pages of the two institutions regarding PEC (Proposal for a Constitutional Amendment) 6/2019, which provides for the reform of the Social Security system. Using content analysis as the main methodology, data will be classified in spreadsheets according to the parameters established by the Discourse Quality Index (DQI) and subsequently processed through graphical interfaces by means of the Atlas TI software, which allows mapping the construction of meaning of the various discursive lines within a debate from the semantic relationship between the words and expressions used in the conversation. This thesis was based on two research hypotheses: the first related to an argumentative congruence between formal and informal spheres of deliberation, and the second related to an incongruence regarding the quality of this deliberation. According to the results, both hypotheses were confirmed. Parliamentary speeches achieved a better score on the index regarding the treatment between participants and refinement of arguments, but converged with the comments of Internet users in terms of discursive strategies. Keywords: Political representation; legislative deliberation; online conversation
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Palavras-chave
Representação política, Deliberação legislativa, Conversação online