Aspectos fisiológicos do mountain biking competitivo
Carregando...
Data
2010-12-01
Autores
Lucas, Ricardo Dantas de
Machado, Carlos Eduardo Polazzo [UNESP]
Souza, Kristopher Mendes de
Oliveira, Mariana Fernandes Mendes de
Guglielmo, Luiz Guilherme Antonacci
Vleck, Veronica
Denadai, Benedito Sérgio [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte
Resumo
A prática do ciclismo off-road (mountain biking - MTB), cresceu muito nas últimas duas décadas, sendo incluído como esporte olímpico, nos Jogos de Atlanta em 1996, na modalidade Cross Country. Na última década, houve um aumento no número de publicações científicas que verificaram a demanda fisiológica durante competições, assim como o estudo de possíveis preditores da performance nesta modalidade. O objetivo deste estudo de revisão foi descrever alguns aspectos fisiológicos específicos do MTB Cross Country (MTB CC) competitivo (intensidade de provas, perfil fisiológico de atletas de elite, uso de suspensões e determinantes da performance em subidas). Observa-se na literatura analisada que as provas de MTB CC parecem impor uma sobrecarga fisiológica maior, quando analisada através da frequência cardíaca, do que provas de ciclismo de estrada com duração semelhante. Entretanto, quando analisada pela potência de pedalada, observa-se claramente a característica intermitente da modalidade, com variações de potência durante a prova entre zero e 500W, e potência média relativamente baixa em comparação aos valores de FC encontrados. Outro fator importante levantado neste estudo são as alterações fisiológicas decorrentes do uso de suspensões nas bicicletas de MTB CC. O uso deste equipamento reduz o estresse muscular provocado pelo terreno acidentado, embora pareça não afetar o gasto energético total, tanto em percurso plano como em subidas. Entretanto, é fato que o desempenho em circuitos acidentados é melhorado com o uso das suspensões. Com base nos estudos abordados nessa revisão, conclui-se que o MTB CC enquanto modalidade competitiva apresenta uma grande variação de intensidade (avaliada através da potência), sendo esta atribuída principalmente ao tipo de terreno (irregular e com muitas aclives e declives acentuados) em que as provas de MTB CC acontecem.
Off-road cycling (mountain biking- MTB) practice has remarkably increased over the last two decades since its debut as an Olympic summer sport in the 1996 Atlanta Games, in the Cross Country modality. The number of publications devoted to the analysis of the physiological demands and potential performance predictors in the sport has also increased over the last decade. This article provides a review of both the descriptive characteristics (such as intensity) of Cross Country MTB competition (MTBCC), as well as specific aspects related to it (such as the physiological characteristics of elite athletes, the effect of use of suspension frames and the determinants of performance on climbs). It is evident from the literature that MTBCC competitions induce greater physiological stress, when expressed in terms of % of maximal heart rate, than is observed for cycle road races of equivalent duration. Analysis of power output data clearly demonstrates the intermittent nature of this discipline- with power outputs during competition ranging between 0 and 500W and average power outputs that are relatively low as a percentage of HRmax. Another important finding is the physiological effect of the use of suspension frames in MTB. The use of such equipment reduces the muscular stress provoked by uncertain terrain without apparently influencing energy cost- either on the flat or when climbing. However, the cross country performance is improved with suspension frames. We conclude, therefore, that competitive MTBCC engenders wide variation in exercise intensity (expressed in terms of power output) - mostly as a result of the variations in terrain (i.e. irregular with many steep inclines and declines) that are a quintessential component of the sport.
Off-road cycling (mountain biking- MTB) practice has remarkably increased over the last two decades since its debut as an Olympic summer sport in the 1996 Atlanta Games, in the Cross Country modality. The number of publications devoted to the analysis of the physiological demands and potential performance predictors in the sport has also increased over the last decade. This article provides a review of both the descriptive characteristics (such as intensity) of Cross Country MTB competition (MTBCC), as well as specific aspects related to it (such as the physiological characteristics of elite athletes, the effect of use of suspension frames and the determinants of performance on climbs). It is evident from the literature that MTBCC competitions induce greater physiological stress, when expressed in terms of % of maximal heart rate, than is observed for cycle road races of equivalent duration. Analysis of power output data clearly demonstrates the intermittent nature of this discipline- with power outputs during competition ranging between 0 and 500W and average power outputs that are relatively low as a percentage of HRmax. Another important finding is the physiological effect of the use of suspension frames in MTB. The use of such equipment reduces the muscular stress provoked by uncertain terrain without apparently influencing energy cost- either on the flat or when climbing. However, the cross country performance is improved with suspension frames. We conclude, therefore, that competitive MTBCC engenders wide variation in exercise intensity (expressed in terms of power output) - mostly as a result of the variations in terrain (i.e. irregular with many steep inclines and declines) that are a quintessential component of the sport.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
ciclismo off-road, performance, competição, off-road cycling, performance, races
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina do Exercício e do Esporte, v. 16, n. 6, p. 459-464, 2010.