Tempos de infância, tempos de escola: a ordenação do tempo escolar no ensino público paulista (1892-1933)
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Data
1999-07-01
Autores
Souza, Rosa Fátima de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Editor
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Educação
Resumo
O texto analisa a ordenação do tempo nas escolas primárias paulistas no final do século XIX e início do século XX, período em que se institui e se consolida a arquitetura temporal escolar. Compreende, pois, as primeiras prescrições detalhadas sobre o tempo constantes na reforma republicana da instrução pública de 1892, as regulamentações instituídas no decorrer da Primeira República, até o momento de criação do Código de Educação de São Paulo em 1933, quando se inaugura uma nova fase da instrução pública no estado. O texto busca mostrar como o tempo constitui uma ordem que se experimenta e se aprende na escola. Para a realização deste estudo foram utilizadas fontes documentais, especialmente a legislação e textos oficiais da administração do ensino. As análises incidem sobre dois aspectos: a formulação política do tempo escolar e a organização pedagógica e disciplinar do tempo na escola. em relação ao primeiro aspecto, mostra como a ordenação do tempo pautou-se pela aspiração de uniformização e controle. Nesse sentido, as autoridades do ensino público procuraram regulamentar a obrigatoriedade do ensino, a freqüência, a duração do curso primário e a jornada escolar. em relação à organização pedagógica e disciplinar do tempo, põe em destaque a ordenação minuciosa do emprego do tempo compreendendo a racionalização curricular - a seleção e distribuição do conhecimento por séries, aulas, lições, e a definição dos horários.
This text analyzes the ordering of time in primary state schools of the State of São Paulo at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, a period in which the school time architecture is instated and consolidated. The paper thus starts with the first detailed instructions related to time at schools, which are part of the Republican Reform of Public Schooling of 1892. It continues with the regulations elaborated during the First Republic, and progresses up to the creation of the São Paulo State Education Code of 1933, when a new era of state public education begins. This work tries to show that time is an ordering that is experimented and learnt at school. The study is based on documentary sources, especially legislation and official texts from Education Authorities. The analyses focus on two aspects: the political formulation of school time, and the pedagogical and disciplinary organization of time at school. With regard to the first aspect, the work shows how the ordering of time was driven by an aspiration of standardization and control. In that sense, state school authorities attempted to regulate on mandatory schooling, attendance rules, duration of primary education, and daily attendance time. As to the pedagogical and disciplinary aspect, this study stresses the meticulous ordering of school time including the curriculum rationalization - the selection and distribution of knowledge along grades, classes, and lessons, and the definition of timetables.
This text analyzes the ordering of time in primary state schools of the State of São Paulo at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century, a period in which the school time architecture is instated and consolidated. The paper thus starts with the first detailed instructions related to time at schools, which are part of the Republican Reform of Public Schooling of 1892. It continues with the regulations elaborated during the First Republic, and progresses up to the creation of the São Paulo State Education Code of 1933, when a new era of state public education begins. This work tries to show that time is an ordering that is experimented and learnt at school. The study is based on documentary sources, especially legislation and official texts from Education Authorities. The analyses focus on two aspects: the political formulation of school time, and the pedagogical and disciplinary organization of time at school. With regard to the first aspect, the work shows how the ordering of time was driven by an aspiration of standardization and control. In that sense, state school authorities attempted to regulate on mandatory schooling, attendance rules, duration of primary education, and daily attendance time. As to the pedagogical and disciplinary aspect, this study stresses the meticulous ordering of school time including the curriculum rationalization - the selection and distribution of knowledge along grades, classes, and lessons, and the definition of timetables.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tempo escolar, História da escola primária, Cultura escolar, História do currículo, School time, History of primary school, School culture, History of curriculum
Como citar
Educação e Pesquisa. Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo, v. 25, n. 2, p. 127-143, 1999.