Representações de estudantes universitários sobre alunos cotistas: confronto de valores
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Data
2008-08-01
Autores
Menin, Maria Suzana de Stefano [UNESP]
Shimizu, Alessandra de Morais [UNESP]
Silva, Divino José da [UNESP]
Cioldi, Fabio Lorenzi
Buschini, Fabricio
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Educação
Resumo
A inclusão da política de cotas, nas universidades brasileiras, é recente. Apesar da adesão de várias instituições de ensino, esse tipo de política tem gerado posições contraditórias. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar quais valores estão mais presentes na avaliação que universitários fazem a respeito de supostos usuários das cotas. Na pesquisa, foram aplicados diferentes tipos de questionários em 403 estudantes de uma universidade pública paulista, os quais objetivaram verificar se suas representações sobre esse tema variavam conforme as possibilidades de ingresso na universidade, a saber: vestibular simples, cursinhos para alunos carentes e cotas e, conforme os públicos-alvo enfocados, negros ou alunos de escolas públicas. Como método de análise, foi utilizado o programa ALCESTE e, como recurso complementar, a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que há uma rejeição às políticas relacionadas às cotas, uma vez que estas foram percebidas como mais ameaçadoras do que aquelas referentes ao vestibular e ao cursinho gratuito. Na grande parte das respostas dadas pelos alunos, fica evidente o conflito de valores: mérito versus igualdade compensatória. O vestibular, baseado apenas no mérito, é representado como o sistema mais justo para ingresso de alunos de escola pública e, principalmente de negros, na universidade. Valores como justiça, igualdade, esforço próprio, sobre os quais a maioria dos universitários respalda suas respostas contrárias às cotas, estão sendo questionados pelas políticas de ação afirmativa, o que indica que enfrentá-los é o grande desafio posto a essas políticas.
The introduction of a policy of quotas in Brazilian universities is recent and, despite being supported by various institutes of education, this kind of policy has faced opposition. The present study has as its objective to investigate what are the values more frequently present in the evaluations university students make of quotas users. Different types of questionnaires were applied to 403 students of a public university of the State of São Paulo, with the purpose of identifying if their representations about this issue varied according to the entry channel to the university, namely, simple exam, preparatory courses for disadvantaged students, and quotas, and according to the target public in question: black students or students from public schools. As a method of analysis, the study made use of the ALCESTE program and, as a complementary resource, content analysis. The results show the rejection to quota policies, since they are perceived as more threatening than policies related to entrance exams and free prep courses. In most of the answers given by the students, a conflict of values becomes clear: merit versus compensatory equality. The entrance exam, solely based on merit, is represented as the fairest system for pupils from public schools, and particularly for black students, to enter the university. Values such as justice, equality and self-effort, upon which most university students base their answers against quotas, are being questioned by affirmative action policies, indicating that reckoning with them is the biggest challenge these policies have to face.
The introduction of a policy of quotas in Brazilian universities is recent and, despite being supported by various institutes of education, this kind of policy has faced opposition. The present study has as its objective to investigate what are the values more frequently present in the evaluations university students make of quotas users. Different types of questionnaires were applied to 403 students of a public university of the State of São Paulo, with the purpose of identifying if their representations about this issue varied according to the entry channel to the university, namely, simple exam, preparatory courses for disadvantaged students, and quotas, and according to the target public in question: black students or students from public schools. As a method of analysis, the study made use of the ALCESTE program and, as a complementary resource, content analysis. The results show the rejection to quota policies, since they are perceived as more threatening than policies related to entrance exams and free prep courses. In most of the answers given by the students, a conflict of values becomes clear: merit versus compensatory equality. The entrance exam, solely based on merit, is represented as the fairest system for pupils from public schools, and particularly for black students, to enter the university. Values such as justice, equality and self-effort, upon which most university students base their answers against quotas, are being questioned by affirmative action policies, indicating that reckoning with them is the biggest challenge these policies have to face.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Políticas afirmativas, Cotas na universidade, Valores, Igualdade compensatória, Affirmative policies, University quotas, Values, Compensatory equality
Como citar
Educação e Pesquisa. Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo, v. 34, n. 2, p. 255-272, 2008.