Rentabilidade da produção orgânica de alface em função do ambiente, preparo do solo e época de plantio
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Data
2012-12-01
Autores
Araújo Neto, Sebastião Elviro de
Silva, Eliana Mara Napoli Correia de Paula da
Ferreira, Regina Lúcia Félix
Cecílio Filho, Arthur Bernardes [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)
Resumo
Além da produtividade física e da conservação do solo, o cultivo protegido e o preparo do solo, na olericultura, requerem altos investimentos, muito trabalho e insumos externos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho, foi identificar combinações entre ambiente, preparo do solo e época de plantio capazes de melhorar o desempenho econômico e a produtividade da cultura da alface em cultivo orgânico, em Rio Branco, Acre. O cultivo foi realizado em quatro tipos de ambientes: 1 - sombreamento proporcionado em 52% sob latada de maracujá; 2 - 35% de sombreamento sob estufa; 3 - 50% sob tela de sombreamento; e, 4 - cultivo a pleno sol (testemunha), considerando cada ambiente como um experimento, que avaliou-se três preparos de solo (plantio direto, cultivo mínimo e preparo convencional) em duas épocas de plantio (estiagem e chuvosa), sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Considerou-se como custo de produção a soma de todos os valores (insumos) e operações (serviços) utilizados no processo produtivo, incluindo-se os respectivos custos alternativos ou de oportunidade e a depreciação das instalações. O cultivo em estufa e sob tela de sombreamento aumenta a produtividade em época de estiagem, enquanto em época chuvosa, a produtividade é maior em cultivo sob estufa. O plantio direto e cultivo mínimo a pleno sol ou cultivo mínimo sob tela de sombreamento promovem maior produtividade no preparo convencional do solo. Proporcionam lucro supernormal (RMe > CTMe): o cultivo na época chuvosa (verão); sob sombreamento de latada de maracujá-amarelo; a pleno sol; o preparo convencional do solo sob latada e o plantio direto a pleno sol.
Besides physical productivity and soil conservation, in horticulture, protected cultivation and preparation of the soil require high investment, hard work and external inputs. The objective of this study therefore was to identify combinations of environment, soil preparation and planting season which would improve economic performance and yield in the organic farming of lettuce in Rio Branco, Acre. Growing the crop was carried out in four environments: 1 - 52% shading provided by a trellis with passion fruit; 2 - 35% shading in a greenhouse; 3 - 50% shading under a screen; 4 - in the sun with no shade (control). Each area was considered as a separate trial, in which three soil preparations (no-tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage) and two planting seasons (dry and rainy) were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications. The cost of production was taken to be the sum of all the values (inputs) and operations (services) used in the production process, including the respective alternative or opportunity costs, and any depreciation of the installation. Cultivation in a greenhouse or under a shading screen increases productivity in the dry season, while in the rainy season, productivity is higher for crops grown in a greenhouse. No-tillage and minimum-tillage cultivation in the sun, or minimum-tillage cultivation under screens, afford greater productivity that in the soil tillage. Supernormal profit (RMe > CTMe) is afforded by cultivation in the rainy season (summer), in the shade provided by a trellis of passion fruit, in the sun, by conventional tillage and no-tillage under a trellis, and by no-tillage in the sun.
Besides physical productivity and soil conservation, in horticulture, protected cultivation and preparation of the soil require high investment, hard work and external inputs. The objective of this study therefore was to identify combinations of environment, soil preparation and planting season which would improve economic performance and yield in the organic farming of lettuce in Rio Branco, Acre. Growing the crop was carried out in four environments: 1 - 52% shading provided by a trellis with passion fruit; 2 - 35% shading in a greenhouse; 3 - 50% shading under a screen; 4 - in the sun with no shade (control). Each area was considered as a separate trial, in which three soil preparations (no-tillage, minimum tillage and conventional tillage) and two planting seasons (dry and rainy) were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications. The cost of production was taken to be the sum of all the values (inputs) and operations (services) used in the production process, including the respective alternative or opportunity costs, and any depreciation of the installation. Cultivation in a greenhouse or under a shading screen increases productivity in the dry season, while in the rainy season, productivity is higher for crops grown in a greenhouse. No-tillage and minimum-tillage cultivation in the sun, or minimum-tillage cultivation under screens, afford greater productivity that in the soil tillage. Supernormal profit (RMe > CTMe) is afforded by cultivation in the rainy season (summer), in the shade provided by a trellis of passion fruit, in the sun, by conventional tillage and no-tillage under a trellis, and by no-tillage in the sun.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Lactuca sativa L., agricultural productivity, Horticulture, Lactuca sativa L., Produtividade agrícola, olericultura
Como citar
Revista Ciência Agronômica. Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), v. 43, n. 4, p. 783-791, 2012.