Terapia manual no tratamento da espondilólise e espondilolistese: revisão de literatura
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Data
2010-12-01
Autores
Jassi, Fabrício José [UNESP]
Saita, Leila Suzuki
Grecco, Ana Carolina Pimenta
Tamashiro, Margarete Kazue
Catelli, Danilo Santos
Nascimento, Paulo Roberto Carvalho do [UNESP]
Kuriki, Heloyse Uliam
Negrão Filho, Rubén de Faria [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Resumo
A espondilólise é um defeito na pars interarticularis da vértebra com descontinuidade óssea do segmento intervertebral; a progressão do defeito resulta em deslizamento de uma vértebra sobre a outra, chamado espondilolistese, o que pode provocar dor. O tratamento não-cirúrgico é a escolha inicial na maioria dos casos de espondilolistese, mas poucos estudos verificam a eficácia dos tratamentos conservadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre esses tratamentos, sobretudo no que concerne à terapia manual, a fim de ajudar os terapeutas na prescrição de intervenções eficazes. Os resultados mostram que tanto a terapia manual como a fisioterapia convencional apresentam efeitos benéficos na redução da dor lombar e na melhora funcional do paciente. As terapias manuais envolvem manipulação da coluna vertebral e articulação sacroilíaca, músculo-energia e alongamento dos músculos afetados. Exercícios de estabilização lombopélvica, fortalecimento dos músculos posturais e alongamento dos isquiotibiais e psoas também foram considerados importantes. O paciente deve ser avaliado individualmente em seu quadro clínico e radiográfico para determinação do plano de tratamento. Dentre as opções conservadoras de tratamento encontradas, nenhuma se mostrou conclusivamente superior às outras e todas podem ser incluídas no tratamento sintomático de pacientes com espondilólise/listese.
Spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis of a vertebra with a disruption in the intervertebral segment. Progression of the defect leads to one vertebra slipping over another - which is called spondylolisthesis - which may cause low-back pain. Non-surgical treatment is the initial course of action in most cases of spondylolisthesis. However, few studies have assessed the efficacy of conservative treatment. The purpose of the present study is to review literature on conservative treatment for spondylolysis/listhesis, especially manual therapy, in order to guide practitioners for effective intervention. Results show that both manual therapy and conventional physiotherapy were effective in relieving low-back pain and beneficial for patient's functional outcome. Manual therapy involved spine manipulation, sacroiliac joint manipulation, muscle-energy techniques and stretching affected muscles. Stabilizing lombopelvic exercises, postural muscles strengthening, and hamstring and psoas stretching were also considered important in treating spondylolysis/listhesis. Each case's clinical and radiological features must be individually considered in order to determinate therapeutic strategy. Among non-surgical options, none has proved better than others and all may be included in symptomatic treatment of patients with spondylolysis/listhesis.
Spondylolysis is a defect in the pars interarticularis of a vertebra with a disruption in the intervertebral segment. Progression of the defect leads to one vertebra slipping over another - which is called spondylolisthesis - which may cause low-back pain. Non-surgical treatment is the initial course of action in most cases of spondylolisthesis. However, few studies have assessed the efficacy of conservative treatment. The purpose of the present study is to review literature on conservative treatment for spondylolysis/listhesis, especially manual therapy, in order to guide practitioners for effective intervention. Results show that both manual therapy and conventional physiotherapy were effective in relieving low-back pain and beneficial for patient's functional outcome. Manual therapy involved spine manipulation, sacroiliac joint manipulation, muscle-energy techniques and stretching affected muscles. Stabilizing lombopelvic exercises, postural muscles strengthening, and hamstring and psoas stretching were also considered important in treating spondylolysis/listhesis. Each case's clinical and radiological features must be individually considered in order to determinate therapeutic strategy. Among non-surgical options, none has proved better than others and all may be included in symptomatic treatment of patients with spondylolysis/listhesis.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Espondilólise, Espondilolistese, Manipulações musculosqueléticas, Modalidades de fisioterapia, Musculoskeletal manipulations, Physical therapy modalities, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis
Como citar
Fisioterapia e Pesquisa. Universidade de São Paulo, v. 17, n. 4, p. 366-371, 2010.