Sistemas de adubação e consórcio de culturas intercalares e seus efeitos nas variáveis de colheita da cultura do milho
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Data
2009-06-01
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Editor
Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola (SBEA)
Resumo
A colheita é a operação final de campo do processo produtivo, e por isso os fatores que interferem na mesma devem ser observados e avaliados atentamente para reduzir ao mínimo as perdas nessa etapa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência dos sistemas de adubação (em pré-semeadura e na semeadura) e dos consórcios de culturas intercalares (milho+mucuna-cinza-anã, milho+guandu-anão e milho+lablab) nas variáveis de colheita da cultura do milho em sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi realizado na UNESP de Jaboticabal - SP, no período de safra normal, utilizando-se do delineamento em blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial (2 x 3), com quatro repetições. Os componentes avaliados na colheita foram: diâmetro do colmo, altura de inserção da primeira espiga, altura da planta, número de espigas por planta, índice de espiga, número de fileiras na espiga, biomassa seca da palhada no solo, estande final, produtividade de grãos, fluxos de grãos, de palha e de sabugo e perdas na colheita. Os resultados demonstraram que o diâmetro do colmo, a altura de inserção da primeira espiga e a altura de plantas apresentaram maiores valores para o sistema de adubação na semeadura. O número de fileiras, espigas viáveis, índice de espiga, estande final, biomassa seca da palhada, produtividade, fluxos de palha, de sabugo, de grãos e as perdas na colheita não foram afetados pelos sistemas de adubação e os consórcios.
The harvest is the final field operation of the productive process and, for this reason, the factors that interfere in it must be observed and attentively evaluated to reduce the losses to the minimum at this phase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fertilization systems (anticipated and in the sowing) and of the intercalating crops consortiums (Corn+Stizolobium deeringianum, Corn+Cajanus cajan and Corn+Dolichos lablab) at the variables of corn crop harvest under system of direct planting. The experiment was done at UNESP, Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, during the regular crop time, designed in randomized blocks with four repetitions in a 2x3 factorial scheme. The components evaluated at harvest were: stem diameter, first spike insertion height, plant height, the number of spikes in the plant, spike rate, number of rows in the spike, dry biomass on soil, final stand, grain productiveness, grain and straw flow and the losses during harvest. The results demonstrated that the stem diameter, the first spike insertion height and the plant height presented higher values for the fertilization system at sowing. The number of rows, viable spikes, spike rate, final stand, dry biomass on soil, productiveness, straw and cob flow, grain flow and losses during harvest were not affected by the treatments.
The harvest is the final field operation of the productive process and, for this reason, the factors that interfere in it must be observed and attentively evaluated to reduce the losses to the minimum at this phase. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fertilization systems (anticipated and in the sowing) and of the intercalating crops consortiums (Corn+Stizolobium deeringianum, Corn+Cajanus cajan and Corn+Dolichos lablab) at the variables of corn crop harvest under system of direct planting. The experiment was done at UNESP, Jaboticabal - SP, Brazil, during the regular crop time, designed in randomized blocks with four repetitions in a 2x3 factorial scheme. The components evaluated at harvest were: stem diameter, first spike insertion height, plant height, the number of spikes in the plant, spike rate, number of rows in the spike, dry biomass on soil, final stand, grain productiveness, grain and straw flow and the losses during harvest. The results demonstrated that the stem diameter, the first spike insertion height and the plant height presented higher values for the fertilization system at sowing. The number of rows, viable spikes, spike rate, final stand, dry biomass on soil, productiveness, straw and cob flow, grain flow and losses during harvest were not affected by the treatments.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
material flow, losses during harvest, agricultural mechanization, fluxo de material, Perdas na colheita, Mecanização agrícola
Como citar
Engenharia Agrícola. Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola, v. 29, n. 2, p. 277-287, 2009.