O cultivo de yacon no Brasil
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Data
2000-03-01
Autores
Vilhena, Stela Maria C [UNESP]
Câmara, Francisco Luís de Araújo [UNESP]
Kakihara, Sergio T [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Associação Brasileira de Horticultura
Resumo
O yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poep. Endl.) é uma espécie da família Asteraceae que apresenta um complexo sistema subterrâneo. Suas raízes tuberosas e rizóforos contêm grandes quantidades de frutose e glicose livres, além de fruto-oligossacarídeos do tipo inulina como carboidrato de reserva. Vem despertando interesse principalmente por suas propriedades medicinais, sendo utilizado como auxiliar no tratamento contra diabetes e colesterol. Foi introduzido no Brasil por volta de 1989, porém somente em 1994 iniciaram-se os primeiros cultivos comerciais. Atualmente é cultivado na região de Capão Bonito (SP), a partir de rizóforos pesando de 60 a 80 g. Estes são plantados em canteiros de 0,30 - 0,40 m de altura por 1,0 m de base, em um espaçamento de 1,00 x 0,90 m. O pH do solo é ajustado para 6,0 e a fertilização básica é realizada com NPK + Zn, de acordo com análise e a recomendação utilizada para batata doce. Posteriormente são aplicados 40 kg.ha-1 de N em duas parcelas. A irrigação é feita por aspersão e a colheita realizada entre os 8 e 10 meses após o plantio, obtendo-se um rendimento médio de 80 t.ha-1 de raízes e 1 t.ha-1 de folhas desidratadas. Tanto as raízes como as folhas podem ser consumidas frescas ou desidratadas em estufas com ventilação forçada, à temperatura máxima de 50°C, para se evitar a degradação dos carboidratos de reserva e das substâncias do metabolismo secundário.
Yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poep End.) is a species from the Asteraceae family which presents a complex subterraneous system. Its tuberous roots and rhizophores contain great amounts of free fructose and glucose, besides inulin type fructo-oligosaccharides as reserve carbohydrates. It has raised interest mainly for its medicinal properties, being used as an auxiliary in the treatment against diabetes and cholesterol. It was introduced in Brazil around 1989, but only in 1994 the first commercial cultivation started. It is presently cultivated in the Capão Bonito region, São Paulo State, from rhizophores weighing from 60 to 80 g. These are planted in beds 0.30 - 0.40 m high, 1.0 m wide, in a 1.0 x 0.90 m interspace. Soil pH is adjusted to 6.0 and the basic fertilization is made with NPK + Zn according to soil analysis and to some recommendation for sweet-potatoes. Later on, 40 kg.ha-1 of N are added, divided in two applications. Irrigation is made by sprinkle irrigation and harvesting happens between the 8th and 10th months after planting, yielding an average of 80 t.ha-1 of tuberous roots and 1 t.ha-1 of fresh leafs. Roots as well as leafs can be freshly consumed or dehydrated in a stove with forced ventilation at 50(0)C maximum temperature to avoid loss of reserve carbohydrates as well as the secondary metabolism substances.
Yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia Poep End.) is a species from the Asteraceae family which presents a complex subterraneous system. Its tuberous roots and rhizophores contain great amounts of free fructose and glucose, besides inulin type fructo-oligosaccharides as reserve carbohydrates. It has raised interest mainly for its medicinal properties, being used as an auxiliary in the treatment against diabetes and cholesterol. It was introduced in Brazil around 1989, but only in 1994 the first commercial cultivation started. It is presently cultivated in the Capão Bonito region, São Paulo State, from rhizophores weighing from 60 to 80 g. These are planted in beds 0.30 - 0.40 m high, 1.0 m wide, in a 1.0 x 0.90 m interspace. Soil pH is adjusted to 6.0 and the basic fertilization is made with NPK + Zn according to soil analysis and to some recommendation for sweet-potatoes. Later on, 40 kg.ha-1 of N are added, divided in two applications. Irrigation is made by sprinkle irrigation and harvesting happens between the 8th and 10th months after planting, yielding an average of 80 t.ha-1 of tuberous roots and 1 t.ha-1 of fresh leafs. Roots as well as leafs can be freshly consumed or dehydrated in a stove with forced ventilation at 50(0)C maximum temperature to avoid loss of reserve carbohydrates as well as the secondary metabolism substances.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Polymnia sonchifolia Poep. Endl, carboidratos de reserva, diabetes, sistema de produção, pós-colheita, Polymnia sonchifolia Poep. Endl, store carbohidrate, diabetes, production system, post-harvest
Como citar
Horticultura Brasileira. Associação Brasileira de Horticultura, v. 18, n. 1, p. 5-8, 2000.