Produção de fitomassa e acúmulo de nutrientes por plantas de cobertura e cultivo da mamona em sucessão no sistema plantio direto
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Data
2010-10-01
Autores
Silva, André Godoy da [UNESP]
Crusciol, Carlos Alexandre Costa [UNESP]
Soratto, Rogério Peres [UNESP]
Costa, Claudio Hideo Martins da [UNESP]
Ferrari Neto, Jayme [UNESP]
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Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)
Resumo
Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de matéria seca (MS) e o acúmulo de nutrientes pela crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.) e pelo milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown), em cultivos isolado e consorciado, e o efeito do manejo mecânico da palhada no desempenho da cultura da mamona (Ricinus communis L.), em sucessão, na fase de implantação do sistema plantio direto. O experimento foi instalado em um Nitossolo Vermelho (Rhodic Kandiudox), em Botucatu, São Paulo (SP) (22°58'S, 48°23'W e 765m de altitude). O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por três coberturas vegetais: crotalária - cultivar 'IAC-KR1'; milheto - cultivar 'BN 2'; e consórcio crotalária + milheto. As subparcelas foram constituídas pela ausência e presença do manejo mecânico da palhada com triturador horizontal 20 dias após o manejo químico. O milheto produziu maior quantidade de MS e apresentou maiores teores de K, Mg e S na parte aérea, enquanto a crotalária apresentou maiores teores de N e Ca. O milheto acumulou mais N, P, K, Mg e S na parte aérea, enquanto a crotalária acumulou maior quantidade de Ca. A produtividade de grãos da mamoneira foi maior em sucessão ao consórcio crotálaria + milheto e na ausência do manejo mecânico da palhada.
The objective of this study was to evaluate aboveground matter production and nutrients accumulation by sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown), in sole crop and intercropped, and the effect of straw mulch mechanical management on castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) performance, in notillage system establishment. The experiment was carried out on a Rhodic Kandiudox, in Botucatu, SP, Brazil (22°58'S, 48°23'W and 765m above sea level). A randomized block design, in a splitplot scheme, with four replications, was used. The plots were composed by three cover crops: sunnhemp - cv. 'IAC-KR1'; pearl millet - cv. 'BN 2'; and intercropping - sunnhemp + pearl millet. The subplots were composed by absence or presence of straw mulch mechanical management, by horizontal crusher use, 20 days after chemical management. Pearl millet sole crop produced greater dry matter and showed higher K, Mg, and S concentration in aboveground, 75 days after emergence, while N and Ca concentration were higher in sunnhemp. Pearl millet sole crop accumulated greater amounts of N, P, K, Mg, and S, in aboveground, while sunnhemp accumulated elevated amount of Ca. Castor bean grain yield was higher in succession to sunnhemp + pearl millet intercropping and in the absence of straw mulch mechanical management.
The objective of this study was to evaluate aboveground matter production and nutrients accumulation by sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown), in sole crop and intercropped, and the effect of straw mulch mechanical management on castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) performance, in notillage system establishment. The experiment was carried out on a Rhodic Kandiudox, in Botucatu, SP, Brazil (22°58'S, 48°23'W and 765m above sea level). A randomized block design, in a splitplot scheme, with four replications, was used. The plots were composed by three cover crops: sunnhemp - cv. 'IAC-KR1'; pearl millet - cv. 'BN 2'; and intercropping - sunnhemp + pearl millet. The subplots were composed by absence or presence of straw mulch mechanical management, by horizontal crusher use, 20 days after chemical management. Pearl millet sole crop produced greater dry matter and showed higher K, Mg, and S concentration in aboveground, 75 days after emergence, while N and Ca concentration were higher in sunnhemp. Pearl millet sole crop accumulated greater amounts of N, P, K, Mg, and S, in aboveground, while sunnhemp accumulated elevated amount of Ca. Castor bean grain yield was higher in succession to sunnhemp + pearl millet intercropping and in the absence of straw mulch mechanical management.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ricinus communis, Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria juncea, manejo mecânico, Ricinus communis, Pennisetum glaucum, Crotalaria juncea, mechanical management
Como citar
Ciência Rural. Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), v. 40, n. 10, p. 2092-2098, 2010.