Aspectos econômicos da adubação fosfatada para cultura do milho
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Data
2001-09-01
Autores
Prado, Renato de Mello [UNESP]
Fernandes, Francisco Maximino [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ)
Resumo
Estudos econômicos da adubação fosfatada fazem-se necessários, em razão da sua participação expressiva no custo de produção da cultura do milho, especialmente em solos sob vegetação de cerrado e face à competitividade da atividade no mercado globalizado. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar alguns aspectos econômicos de modos de aplicação da adubação fosfatada a lanço e sulco simples comparados ao modo alternativo em sulco duplo, utilizando o híbrido de milho BR 3123. Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos modos de aplicação em sulco duplo, sulco simples e a lanço nas doses: 0; 0,50; 0,75; 1,00; 1,25; 1,50 vez a dose recomendada para adubação de manutenção para o milho, ou seja, 90 kg de P2O5 ha-1. Para a análise, considerou-se o preço médio da década de 90 para a tonelada do milho e do superfosfato triplo em R$189,33 e R$494,32, respectivamente, e o custo operacional total de R$ 752,90 ha-1. O aumento das doses de adubo fosfatado, em geral, incrementou a produção, o valor da produção e a receita líquida por hectare; a aplicação do adubo fosfatado a lanço não se mostrou viável economicamente; o modo alternativo em sulco duplo permitiu maior receita líquida e uma relação benefício/custo 17,7% superior, em relação ao sulco simples.
Phosphorus has an expressive participation in corn crop production costs, especially for the Brazilian 'cerrado' soils. The economic aspects of this practice must be evaluated, mainly in the case of a competitive global market. Therefore an assessment of certain economic aspects related to the application forms of phosphorus was made. Cast and single furrow application methods were used in comparisson to the alternative double furrow practice. The BR 3123 hybrid corn was used. Treatments consisted of the P application modes in double furrow, single furrow and cast, at the levels of: 0; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25; 1.50 of the recommended rates for corn (90kg of P2O5 ha-1). For the analysis average prices in force during the 1990's of one ton of corn and one ton of triple superphosphate were considered (US$86.06 and US$224.69, respectively), and the total operating cost of US$342.22 ha-1. In general the increase of the phosphorus rate boosted the yield and the net income per hectare; the cast fertilizer aplication by hand proved to be economically unfeasible. The double furrow treatment resulted, on the average, in a higher net income and a cost/benefit ratio exceeding by 17.7% that of the single furrow application mode.
Phosphorus has an expressive participation in corn crop production costs, especially for the Brazilian 'cerrado' soils. The economic aspects of this practice must be evaluated, mainly in the case of a competitive global market. Therefore an assessment of certain economic aspects related to the application forms of phosphorus was made. Cast and single furrow application methods were used in comparisson to the alternative double furrow practice. The BR 3123 hybrid corn was used. Treatments consisted of the P application modes in double furrow, single furrow and cast, at the levels of: 0; 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25; 1.50 of the recommended rates for corn (90kg of P2O5 ha-1). For the analysis average prices in force during the 1990's of one ton of corn and one ton of triple superphosphate were considered (US$86.06 and US$224.69, respectively), and the total operating cost of US$342.22 ha-1. In general the increase of the phosphorus rate boosted the yield and the net income per hectare; the cast fertilizer aplication by hand proved to be economically unfeasible. The double furrow treatment resulted, on the average, in a higher net income and a cost/benefit ratio exceeding by 17.7% that of the single furrow application mode.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Zea mays, triple superphosphate, Phosphorus, cost/benefit, profitability, Zea mays, superfosfato triplo, Fósforo, benefício/custo, Rentabilidade
Como citar
Scientia Agricola. São Paulo - Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, v. 58, n. 3, p. 617-621, 2001.