Tendência do aleitamento materno em município da região centro-sul do estado de São Paulo: 1995-1999-2004
Data
2007-06-01
Autores
Ferreira, Luciana [UNESP]
Parada, Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima [UNESP]
Carvalhaes, Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas
Resumo
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a situação do aleitamento materno em 2004 no município de Botucatu, SP, e identificar sua tendência nos últimos 10 anos. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, no qual foram comparados os resultados de 3 inquéritos populacionais transversais (1995-1999-2004), metodologicamente semelhantes, sobre a situação do aleitamento materno em crianças menores de 12 meses. Os dados foram obtidos em Campanhas de Multivacinação, a partir de questionário contendo um recordatório da alimentação das crianças no dia anterior à pesquisa. Para identificar a tendência dos diferentes tipos de aleitamento (aleitamento materno exclusivo, aleitamento materno predominante e aleitamento materno), foram comparadas as prevalências, segundo faixas etárias selecionadas (0-1 mês, 0-4 meses, 0-6 meses e 0-12 meses), nos 3 inquéritos. Os resultados foram submetidos a teste estatístico (teste z) para verificação das diferenças entre proporções. RESULTADOS: Para as crianças menores de 4 meses, houve aumento progressivo e de grande magnitude (19,1% em 1995 e 36,9% em 2004) do aleitamento materno exclusivo e diminuição do aleitamento materno predominante - diferenças estatisticamente significantes. O mesmo ocorreu para as crianças menores de 6 meses: 13,0% em aleitamento materno exclusivo em 1995, 29,6% em 2004, representando 128,0% de aumento. Com relação ao aleitamento materno, tanto para as crianças menores de 4 meses, quanto para as menores de 6 meses e de 1 ano, houve pequeno aumento de prevalência, mas as diferenças não foram estatisticamente significantes. A duração mediana do aleitamento materno exclusivo aumentou 14 dias (82,0%) e do aleitamento materno 85 dias (50,9%) no período de 10 anos. CONCLUSÃO: Com a elevação expressiva da prevalência de crianças menores de 6 meses em aleitamento materno exclusivo e o aumento da mediana da amamentação exclusiva e da amamentação, pode-se afirmar que a evolução do aleitamento no município foi favorável. Entretanto, a situação em 2004 ainda está distante das recomendações atuais sobre alimentação infantil.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breastfeeding practices in 2004 in the municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo State and to identify trends in the past ten years. METHODS: This is an epidemiological study comparing the results of three population-based cross-sectional studies (1995-1999-2004), using similar methodologies, assessing the breastfeeding practices among children under age 12 months. Data were obtained during multiple vaccination campaigns using a recall questionnaire to investigate the child's feeding in the previous day. The differences in the proportion of children in each type of feeding (exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, and breastfeeding) in the three surveys, according to selected age groups (0-1 month, 0-4 months, 0-6 months and 0-12 months), were analyzed using a z-test. RESULTS: For children under age 4 months, there was a marked and progressive increase (19.1% in 1995 and 36.9% in 2004) in exclusive breastfeeding and a reduction in predominant breastfeeding, with statistically significant differences. The same was observed among children under age 6 months, with 15% increase in exclusive breastfeeding in 1995 and 29.6% in 2004, representing a total 128.0% increase. Regarding breastfeeding, there were slight increases in prevalence for children younger than 4 months, 6 months, and 1 year, but significant differences were not found. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding increased by 14 days (82.0%) and that of breastfeeding, by 85 days (50.9%) in the ten-year period. CONCLUSION: With the expressive increase in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among children under six months and the increase in median duration of exclusive breastfeeding and of breastfeeding, we may conclude that breastfeeding in the municipality evolved favorably. However, the situation in 2004 is still far from fulfilling current recommendations on infant feeding.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate breastfeeding practices in 2004 in the municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo State and to identify trends in the past ten years. METHODS: This is an epidemiological study comparing the results of three population-based cross-sectional studies (1995-1999-2004), using similar methodologies, assessing the breastfeeding practices among children under age 12 months. Data were obtained during multiple vaccination campaigns using a recall questionnaire to investigate the child's feeding in the previous day. The differences in the proportion of children in each type of feeding (exclusive breastfeeding, predominant breastfeeding, and breastfeeding) in the three surveys, according to selected age groups (0-1 month, 0-4 months, 0-6 months and 0-12 months), were analyzed using a z-test. RESULTS: For children under age 4 months, there was a marked and progressive increase (19.1% in 1995 and 36.9% in 2004) in exclusive breastfeeding and a reduction in predominant breastfeeding, with statistically significant differences. The same was observed among children under age 6 months, with 15% increase in exclusive breastfeeding in 1995 and 29.6% in 2004, representing a total 128.0% increase. Regarding breastfeeding, there were slight increases in prevalence for children younger than 4 months, 6 months, and 1 year, but significant differences were not found. The median duration of exclusive breastfeeding increased by 14 days (82.0%) and that of breastfeeding, by 85 days (50.9%) in the ten-year period. CONCLUSION: With the expressive increase in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding among children under six months and the increase in median duration of exclusive breastfeeding and of breastfeeding, we may conclude that breastfeeding in the municipality evolved favorably. However, the situation in 2004 is still far from fulfilling current recommendations on infant feeding.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
aleitamento materno, lactante, prevalência, breast feeding, prevalence, infant
Como citar
Revista de Nutrição. Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, v. 20, n. 3, p. 265-273, 2007.