Efeitos da frequência de fornecimento do volumoso e concentrado no comportamento ingestivo de vacas e novilhas em confinamento
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Data
2011-10-01
Autores
Pazdiora, Raul Dirceu [UNESP]
Brondani, Ivan Luiz
Silveira, Magali Floriano da
Arboitte, Miguelangelo Ziegler
Cattelam, Jonatas
Paula, Perla Cordeiro de
Título da Revista
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Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia
Resumo
Este estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da frequência no fornecimento de volumoso e concentrado e/ou da categoria animal sobre o comportamento ingestivo de bovinos. Foram utilizadas 16 novilhas e 16 vacas com idade média inicial de 20 e 66 meses e peso médio inicial de 338 e 432 kg, respectivamente. Os tratamentos foram representados pelas frequências de fornecimento do volumoso e do concentrado: 2 V/C - volumoso e concentrado duas vezes ao dia; 1 V/C - volumoso e concentrado uma vez ao dia; 1 V/2 C - volumoso uma vez ao dia e concentrado duas vezes ao dia; 1 V/3 C - volumoso uma vez ao dia e concentrado três vezes ao dia, ofertadas às categorias vacas e novilhas. A dieta foi composta de 60% de silagem de milho e 40% de concentrado com base na matéria seca (MS). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4 × 2 (frequências × categorias). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias, comparadas pelo teste t. A interação frequência de fornecimento e categoria animal foi significativa para as características tempo de ruminação e ócio, eficiência de ruminação da matéria seca e da fibra detergente neutro, número de bolos diário e tempo diário de mastigação. em relação às vacas, as novilhas apresentaram maiores tempos de ócio e mastigação quando receberam a alimentação uma vez ao dia. A frequência de fornecimento da dieta não influenciou o tempo de consumo. As vacas apresentaram maior tempo consumindo alimento e taxa de ingestão em comparação às novilhas (4,38 vs 4,09 horas e 2,91 vs 2,35 kg de MS/hora de consumo, respectivamente). O aumento na frequência da alimentação estimula os animais a maior ingestão de alimento no momento do fornecimento.
The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the influence of frequency of roughage and supplement supply and/or animal category on the ingestive behavior of cattle. Sixteen heifers and sixteen cows, with average initial age of 20 and 66 months and average initial weight of 338 and 432 kg, respectively, were used. Treatments were represented by the frequencies of roughage and concentrate supply: 2 R/C - roughage and concentrate two times per day; 1 R/C - roughage and concentrate one time per day; 1 R/2C - roughage one time per day and concentrate two times per day; 1 R/3 C - roughage one time per day and concentrate three times per day, offered to cows and heifers. Diet was composed of 60% maize silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis (DM). The complete randomized experimental design was used, with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (frequencies × category). The data were submitted to variance analysis and averages were compared by t test. The interaction between supply frequencies and animal category was significant for rumination and idle times, efficiencies of dry matter rumination and of neutral detergent fiber rumination, number of ruminated bolus and daily time of chew. Heifers showed longer idle periods and daily time of chew when compared with cows that received food once in a day. Duration of feed intake did not vary with frequencies. Cows showed longer period of feed intake and ingestive rate in relation to heifers (4.38 vs. 4.09 hours and 2.91 vs. 2.35 kg of DM/hour of intake, respectively). The increase in food frequency stimulated animals to intensify feed intake at the moment of supply.
The present study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the influence of frequency of roughage and supplement supply and/or animal category on the ingestive behavior of cattle. Sixteen heifers and sixteen cows, with average initial age of 20 and 66 months and average initial weight of 338 and 432 kg, respectively, were used. Treatments were represented by the frequencies of roughage and concentrate supply: 2 R/C - roughage and concentrate two times per day; 1 R/C - roughage and concentrate one time per day; 1 R/2C - roughage one time per day and concentrate two times per day; 1 R/3 C - roughage one time per day and concentrate three times per day, offered to cows and heifers. Diet was composed of 60% maize silage and 40% concentrate, on a dry matter basis (DM). The complete randomized experimental design was used, with a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement (frequencies × category). The data were submitted to variance analysis and averages were compared by t test. The interaction between supply frequencies and animal category was significant for rumination and idle times, efficiencies of dry matter rumination and of neutral detergent fiber rumination, number of ruminated bolus and daily time of chew. Heifers showed longer idle periods and daily time of chew when compared with cows that received food once in a day. Duration of feed intake did not vary with frequencies. Cows showed longer period of feed intake and ingestive rate in relation to heifers (4.38 vs. 4.09 hours and 2.91 vs. 2.35 kg of DM/hour of intake, respectively). The increase in food frequency stimulated animals to intensify feed intake at the moment of supply.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
categoria animal, consumo de alimento, manejo da alimentação, mastigações, ócio, ruminação, animal category, chews, food handling, food intake, idleness, rumination
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, v. 40, n. 10, p. 2244-2251, 2011.