Revestimento de sementes de milho superdoce (sh2)
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Data
2007-08-01
Autores
Mendonça, Elisabeth Aparecida Furtado de
Carvalho, Nelson Moreira de [UNESP]
Ramos, Nilza Patrícia
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes (ABRATES)
Resumo
A semente de milho doce é leve e rugosa. A rugosidade torna difícil a classificação das sementes quanto à forma e ao tamanho e isso dificulta a semeadura. Uma solução para esse problema seria a utilização da técnica de revestimento. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar diferentes materiais de enchimento, cimentantes e corantes na peletização de sementes de milho superdoce e verificar quais combinações de materiais seriam eficientes na manutenção da qualidade fisiológica das sementes após o armazenamento e que permitissem vazão e distribuição uniformes durante a semeadura. Foram então testados doze materiais de enchimento (calcários 1 e 2, caulim, carvão vegetal ativado, areia, vermiculita, fubá de milho, farinha de trigo, polvilho de mandioca, amido de milho, celite e terra de diatomáceas), dois cimentantes (goma arábica e cascorez extra) e seis corantes (tintas guache, acrílica, plástica e para tecido, corante para alimento e gelatina). As avaliações da qualidade física e fisiológica das sementes revestidas e nuas foram efetuadas por meio dos testes: teor de água, fragmentação, peso de mil sementes, volume aparente e plantabilidade, germinação, primeira contagem da germinação e emergência de plântulas em campo. O revestimento de sementes de milho superdoce proporciona homogeneidade de forma e tamanho às sementes, melhora a vazão e a distribuição dos péletes na semeadura e não compromete a emergência de plântulas em campo depois de quatro meses de armazenamento.
Due to their low starch content, sweet corn seeds are usually light and shrunken, thus making classification difficult as to size and shape, and causing difficulties in the sowing operation. A solution for this problem would be the use of seed coating techniques. The objective of this research work was thus to experiment with several filling materials, cements, and dyes in the pelletization of supersweet corn seeds and to determine which combinations of materials would be effective to maintain seed physiological quality after storage, and would allow uniform drop rate and distribution. Twelve filling materials were then tested (lime 1 and 2, kaolinite, activated charcoal, sand, vermiculite, corn flour, wheat flour, naturally fermented cassava starch, corn starch, celite, and diatomaceous earth) in addition to two cementing materials (mucilage glue and white glue - Cascorez® extra), and six dyes (gouache, acrylic, plastic, and fabric paints, food dye, and gelatin). The physical and physiological quality of coated and bare seeds were then evaluated by means of the water content test, fragmentation test, weight of one thousand seeds, apparent volume, plantability, paper towel seed germination test, first germination count, and plantlet emergence in the field. Supersweet corn seed coating provided seed shape and size homogeneity, improved pellet drop and distribution, and did not compromise plantlet emergence in the field after a 4-month storage period.
Due to their low starch content, sweet corn seeds are usually light and shrunken, thus making classification difficult as to size and shape, and causing difficulties in the sowing operation. A solution for this problem would be the use of seed coating techniques. The objective of this research work was thus to experiment with several filling materials, cements, and dyes in the pelletization of supersweet corn seeds and to determine which combinations of materials would be effective to maintain seed physiological quality after storage, and would allow uniform drop rate and distribution. Twelve filling materials were then tested (lime 1 and 2, kaolinite, activated charcoal, sand, vermiculite, corn flour, wheat flour, naturally fermented cassava starch, corn starch, celite, and diatomaceous earth) in addition to two cementing materials (mucilage glue and white glue - Cascorez® extra), and six dyes (gouache, acrylic, plastic, and fabric paints, food dye, and gelatin). The physical and physiological quality of coated and bare seeds were then evaluated by means of the water content test, fragmentation test, weight of one thousand seeds, apparent volume, plantability, paper towel seed germination test, first germination count, and plantlet emergence in the field. Supersweet corn seed coating provided seed shape and size homogeneity, improved pellet drop and distribution, and did not compromise plantlet emergence in the field after a 4-month storage period.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Zea mays, Storage, Pellets, Plantability, Zea mays, Armazenamento, Péletes, plantabilidade
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Sementes. Associação Brasileira de Tecnologia de Sementes, v. 29, n. 2, p. 68-79, 2007.