Soil, water and nutrient losses by interrill erosion from green cane cultivation
Data
2012-06-01
Autores
Silva, Gilka Rocha Vasconcelos da
Souza, Zigomar Menezes de
Martins Filho, Marcílio Vieira [UNESP]
Barbosa, Ronny Sobreira
Souza, Gustavo Soares de
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A erosão em entressulcos acontece devido à desagregação originada pelo impacto das gotas de chuva pelo transporte por meio do escoamento superficial, por arraste e suspensão das partículas superficiais do solo desagregadas, onde se encontram a matéria orgânica e os nutrientes fundamentais para a produção agrícola. A presença de resíduos vegetais sobre a superfície do solo altera as características do escoamento superficial gerado pela chuva e a consequente desagregação e transporte de sedimentos resultantes do processo erosivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a quantidade mínima de palha a ser mantida na superfície do solo, em área cultivada com cana-de-açúcar, para proporcionar menores perdas de solo, água e nutrientes pela redução da erosão em entressulcos. O estudo foi realizado no município de Pradópolis-SP em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, em parcelas experimentais de 0,5 por 1,0 m de comprimento, e constituiu-se de cinco tratamentos com quatro repetições; a dose de aplicação de resíduos teve como base a produção de palha da área local de 1,4 kg m-2 (T1-sem palha; T2-25 % de palha; T3-50 % de palha; T4-75 % de palha; e T5-100 % de palha de cana-de-açúcar em superfície), sendo aplicada uma chuva simulada com intensidade de 65 mm h-1 durante 60 min. Foram coletadas amostras de enxurrada em recipientes plásticos, as quais, em seguida, foram levadas para laboratório para quantificar a perda de solo, de água e de nutrientes. A fim de minimizar a perda de solo por erosão em entressulcos, devem ser mantidos 75 % de cobertura com palha de cana-de-açúcar, 50 % de cobertura para perda de água e 25 % de cobertura para perda de matéria orgânica e nutrientes, o que possibilita otimizar o uso desse recurso tanto para a conservação do solo como para a produção de energia limpa em indústrias sucroalcooleiras.
Interrill erosion occurs by the particle breakdown caused by raindrop impact, by particle transport in surface runoff, by dragging and suspension of particles disaggregated from the soil surface, thus removing organic matter and nutrients that are essential for agricultural production. Crop residues on the soil surface modify the characteristics of the runoff generated by rainfall and the consequent particle breakdown and sediment transport resulting from erosion. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum amount of mulch that must be maintained on the soil surface of a sugarcane plantation to reduce the soil, water and nutrient losses by decreasing interrill erosion. The study was conducted in Pradópolis, São Paulo State, in 0.5 x 1.0 m plots of an Oxisol, testing five treatments in four replications. The application rates were based on the crop residue production of the area of 1.4 kg m-2 (T1- no cane trash; T2-25 % of the cane trash; T3- 50 % trash; T4-75 % trash; T5-100 % sugarcane residues on the surface), and simulated rainfall was applied at an intensity of 65 mm h-1 for 60 min. Runoff samples were collected in plastic containers and soon after taken to the laboratory to quantify the losses of soil, water and nutrients. To minimize soil loss by interrill erosion, 75 % of the cane mulch must be maintained on the soil, to control water loss 50 % must be maintained and 25 % trash controls organic matter and nutrient losses. This information can contribute to optimize the use of this resource for soil conservation on the one hand and the production of clean energy in sugar and alcohol industries on the other.
Interrill erosion occurs by the particle breakdown caused by raindrop impact, by particle transport in surface runoff, by dragging and suspension of particles disaggregated from the soil surface, thus removing organic matter and nutrients that are essential for agricultural production. Crop residues on the soil surface modify the characteristics of the runoff generated by rainfall and the consequent particle breakdown and sediment transport resulting from erosion. The objective of this study was to determine the minimum amount of mulch that must be maintained on the soil surface of a sugarcane plantation to reduce the soil, water and nutrient losses by decreasing interrill erosion. The study was conducted in Pradópolis, São Paulo State, in 0.5 x 1.0 m plots of an Oxisol, testing five treatments in four replications. The application rates were based on the crop residue production of the area of 1.4 kg m-2 (T1- no cane trash; T2-25 % of the cane trash; T3- 50 % trash; T4-75 % trash; T5-100 % sugarcane residues on the surface), and simulated rainfall was applied at an intensity of 65 mm h-1 for 60 min. Runoff samples were collected in plastic containers and soon after taken to the laboratory to quantify the losses of soil, water and nutrients. To minimize soil loss by interrill erosion, 75 % of the cane mulch must be maintained on the soil, to control water loss 50 % must be maintained and 25 % trash controls organic matter and nutrient losses. This information can contribute to optimize the use of this resource for soil conservation on the one hand and the production of clean energy in sugar and alcohol industries on the other.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
escoamento superficial, palha de cana-de-açúcar, simulação de chuva, surface runoff, cane trash, rain simulation
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 36, n. 3, p. 963-970, 2012.