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  • ItemArtigo
    Effect of Pinus elliottii plantations on seed removal along with fragments of Montana Mixed Ombrophilous Forest
    (2022-01-01) Cury, Letícia Duron [UNESP]; Dos Santos Cury, Roberta Thays; Amorim, Felipe Wanderley [UNESP]; Campos, Sergio [UNESP]; de Barros, Ana Clara [UNESP]; da Silva, Leonardo França; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV)
    The conversion of natural forests into homogeneous reforestation areas, when done with exotic species may influence ecological processes, such as the interaction between seeds and their natural predators and/or dispersers. Herein we evaluate whether the use of Pinus elliottii in homogeneous reforestation areas influences seed removal from the soil in the secondary vegetation of the adjacent Mixed Ombrophilous Montane Forest. Six areas of secondary vegetation from the Montana Forest, adjacent to P. elliottii crops, were selected and sampling points were distributed along transects 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 meters from the forest edge. The removal rate was elevated for all species (100% for Syagrus romanzoffiana, 98% for Pinus elliottii and 49% for Araucaria angustifolia). Seeds of A. angustifolia presented increased removal rates towards the interior of native forest, with 33% of removal at 0 m and 70% at 100 m from the forest edge. The increase in seed removal indicates that fauna oftenly associated with the analyzed species may be related to both predation and secondary dispersion of seeds. We suggest that the reduced removal of A. angustifolia seeds, a key species for the Atlantic Forest, at the forest edge beside P. elliottii crops may indicate loss in movement from wild fauna associated with the homogeneous planting of trees. Also the removal of P. elliottii within the native forest, if predated, may indicate curbing of its invasive potential. However, if dispersed, it may indicate P. elliottii is, in fact, invading the Mixed Ombrophilous Montane Forest.
  • ItemCapítulo de livro
    Impact and flexural properties of ABS biocomposites reinforced with coir fiber
    (2022-01-01) de Souza, Milena Chanes [UNESP]; Moroz, Ivan [UNESP]; Reis, Victor [UNESP]; Cesarino, Ivana [UNESP]; Leão, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Biocomposites reinforced with natural fibers can generate benefits and be strategic within the circular economy concept, since they can present enhanced mechanical properties, lower production cost, lower density, higher biodegradability and cause less damage to the environment. Coir fiber is easy to access, cheap, has low density and good mechanical properties, presenting perfect properties to be used as reinforcement in composites. In this study, the development of coir fiber-reinforced biocomposites is proposed, to be used mainly as table covers, travel bags, car and aircraft interior panels, among other applications. High stiffness and fair ductility, in addition to having low density, are desirable properties. For this purpose, biocomposites were developed with different coir fiber concentrations (0%, 20%, and 50%) and mechanical properties were evaluated via impact strength and flexural tests. Results of mechanical testing indicated the influence of fiber addition on performance, causing a reduction of impact strength and flexural strength while improving flexural moduli and yielding stiffer materials. The poor interface adhesion between matrix and fiber could be observed by scanning electron microscopy, and was responsible for strength reduction which may be countered by means of additives utilization. Therefore, new studies must be developed to add coupling agents and thus improve fiber adhesion with the matrix. Overall, ABS/coir fibers obtained in this report show interesting potential for practical use representing an option for lower cost, green, sustainable, and renewable biocomposites aligned with the circular economy concept.
  • ItemArtigo
    Machine learning models applied in the estimation of reference evapotranspiration from the Western Plateau of Paulista
    (2022-01-01) da Silva, Maurício Bruno Prado [UNESP]; de Souza, Valter Cesar [UNESP]; Cremasco, Caroline Pires [UNESP]; Calça, Marcus Vinícius Contes [UNESP]; Dos Santos, Cícero Manoel; Cremasco, Camila Pires [UNESP]; Gabriel Filho, Luís Roberto Almeida [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Sergio Augusto [UNESP]; Escobedo, João Francisco [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA)
    Evapotranspiration depends on the interaction between meteorological variables (solar radiation, air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed) and phytosanitary conditions of agricultural crops. It is complex to build reliable evapotranspiration measurements due to the high costs of implementing micrometeorological techniques, in addition to difficulties in the operation and maintenance of the necessary equipment. The purpose of this research was to model the reference evapotranspiration through machine learning techniques in climatic data from 30 automatic weather stations in the Planalto Ocidental Paulista, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in the period 2013-2017. A comparison of the statistical performance between the techniques used was carried out, where the best performance of the EToMLP4 model (rRMSE = 0.62%), followed by EToANFIS4 (rRMSE = 0.75%), EToSVM4 (rRMSE = 1.19%) and EToGRNN4 (rRMSE = 11.05 %). Performance measures of the validation base show that the proposed models are able to estimate the reference evapotranspiration, with emphasis on the MPL technique.
  • ItemArtigo
    Influence of Moisture and Hydrogen Peroxide Fiber Treatment on the Flexural Properties of Polypropylene Composites Reinforced with Unsmoked Cigarette Butts
    (2022-12-01) de Souza, Milena Chanes [UNESP]; Moroz, Ivan [UNESP]; Cesarino, Ivana [UNESP]; Bronzato, Giovana Roberta Francisco [UNESP]; Reis, Victor Angelo Cavalari Arantes dos [UNESP]; de Carvalho Brito, Lucas Balieiro [UNESP]; Zanzini, Murilo Gibbin [UNESP]; Leão, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Smuggled cigarettes are seized around the world, and a correct destination is needed for this material. In this context, the Federal Revenue of Brazil (RFB) has created Ordinance n°59 of 2019 on the destination of contraband cargo seizures, to which this manuscript aims to propose a use with greater added value. The influence of two factors on the flexural properties of composite samples are studied as follows: i) the influence of prior hydrogen peroxide treatment executed on the cigarette butts (CBs), tested in composite samples made with 50% Polypropylene (PP) and 50% CBs in wt%; and ii) the influence of moisture on composites composed of 60% PP and 40% CBs in wt%, after up to 72 h immersed in water. The fiber treatment has not caused significant reduction of flexural properties in the produced composites, and all composite samples with moisture have showed greater flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) than the dry sample. However, these bending properties can decrease as the moisture increases, so further studies are encouraged. It is demonstrated that these composites are feasible to produce, may be used in moist environments in flexural stresses and allow for fiber hydrogen peroxide treatment without significant reduction in flexural properties.
  • ItemArtigo
    EFFECT OF TRAFFIC IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL WATER INFILTRATION AND THE PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF THE SOIL
    (2022-01-01) Fernandes, Barbara Barreto; Marasca, Indiamara; Martins, Murilo Battistuzzi; Sandi, Jefferson; DA SILVA, Kelly Gabriela Pereira; Lanças, Kleber Pereira [UNESP]; Centro Universitário Unilasalle/Lucas; Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Modifications caused by human activities such as machine traffic directly affect water infiltration into the soil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the water infiltration in the soil profile submitted to different intensities of agricultural traffic. The experiment was carried out at the Lageado Farm at UNESP/FCA, Botucatu/SP, in two soil classes, Dystroferric Red Nitosol (NVd) and Dystroferric Red Oxisol (LVd). The experimental design was completely randomized, with the respective compaction treatments: T0 = 0; T1 = 1; T2 = 2; T3 = 3; T4=5 and T5 = 10 consecutive passes of an agricultural tractor. The following attributes were determined: soil water infiltration, porosity, and available soil water. It was found that the basic soil infiltration speed was low for both soils in all treatments that had traffic. For both classes of soil there was a reduction in macro porosity and no interference in microporosity. The water content available to plants in clayey soil had greater variation than in medium textured soil. There is an effect of soil compaction on the water depth dynamics in the soil profile.
  • ItemArtigo
    Use of paclobutrazol and ethylene in the potted production of ornamental pineapple
    (2023-01-01) Tellez, Hayver Olaya [UNESP]; do Bomfim, Guilherme Vieira; de Carvalho, Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto; de Azevedo, Benito Moreira; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
    The expansion of residential areas has increased the demand for exotic and increasingly compact landscape plants. In this context, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of paclobutrazol (PBZ) and the timing of ethylene application on growth reduction and flowering anticipation in ornamental pineapples grown in pots. The randomized block design was used with factorial arrangement (2 x 5) and 4 replications and 4 plants per plot. The primary treatments are the presence and absence of PBZ. The secondary treatments were five times of floral induction with ethylene: 90; 120; 150; 180; 210 days after transplanting (DAT) the seedlings into the pots. It was evaluated the variables: height ratio between the heights of the pot and the plant; rosette diameter; leaves length ‘D’ and flowering index. At 255 DAT, although the plants did not respond to floral induction with ethylene, only those treated with PBZ were more compact and had different characteristics such as smaller size and a ratio below 1/3 of the height of the vase in relation to the plant that to favor its commercialization, in pot.
  • ItemArtigo
    Physiological quality and antioxidant enzymes activity in eggplant seeds with different ages and resting periods after harvest
    (2023-01-01) Aguilar, Ariel Santivañez [UNESP]; Cardoso, Antonio Ismael Inácio [UNESP]; Vasque, Henrique [UNESP]; Bardiviesso, Estefânia M. [UNESP]; Felito, Ricardo Adriano [UNESP]; Bezerra, Breno Kennedy L. [UNESP]; Okada, Maurício H. [UNESP]; Acevedo, Andres Felipe G. [UNESP]; Pelvine, Raira A. [UNESP]; Silva, Marcelo de A. [UNESP]; Lemes, Ernane M.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU)
    Constant changes during the seed maturation process affect its final quality and the post-harvest fruit resting, which can improve seed physiological quality. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and enzymatic activities of eggplant seeds extracted from fruits harvested at different ages and resting periods after harvest. Fruits were harvested presenting different colors at 40, 50, 60, and 70 days after anthesis (DAA) and rested for 0 (freshly harvested fruits), 10, and 20 days. The experimental design was set as completely randomized, with four replications and evaluated seeds extracted from six fruits per plot. The resting periods in eggplant fruits harvested at less than 60 DAA improved the mass of 1000 seeds, germination, vigor, and protein content. Seeds with higher germination and vigor presented lower dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) enzymatic activity. The results indicated that the ideal moment of eggplant harvest for seed production is when the fruit reaches the yellowish-brown color corresponding to about 60 DAA; however, if the eggplant fruit is harvested earlier (40 or 50 DAA), it has to rest for about 10 to 20 days to achieve high physiological quality (germination and vigor).
  • ItemArtigo
    PROBABLE RAINFALL TO THE MUNICIPALITY OF BOTUCATU-SP
    (2021-12-22) DE Oliveira, DANIELA ARAUJO [UNESP]; Gonzalez, Alba Maria Guadalupe Orellana [UNESP]; Ortega, Lisett Rocio Zamora [UNESP]; DA SILVA, Tamires Lima [UNESP]; Dalri, E Alexandre Barcellos [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    In the water balance of a place or region, rainfall is the main input element; therefore, knowledge of its availability is essential for the sustainable management of water resources. Probable rainfall is the extreme value (maximum or minimum) of rainfall that has a specific probability of occurrence and can be calculated through probability distributions. This study aimed to estimate the probable rainfall at levels of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% probability of occurrence for the municipality of Botucatu, SP, in cumulative periods of 10, 15, and 30 days, using the Gamma probability distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov adherence test, at a 5% significance level, indicated that the Gamma distribution fitted the probable monthly rainfall in the municipality of Botucatu-SP and did not fit ten decennials’ periods and one biweekly period. Compared to previous studies, trend variations in rainfall were observed for Botucatu-SP, with a reduction in the period considered rainy and an increase in the period considered dry.
  • ItemArtigo
    Applications for Nanocellulose in Polyolefins-Based Composites
    (Scrivener Publishing Llc, 2015-01-01) Leao, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Cherian, Bibin Mathew; Narine, Suresh; Sain, Mohini; Souza, Sivoney; Thomas, Sabu; Mohanty, S.; Nayak, S. K.; Kaith, B. S.; Kalia, S.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Trent Univ; Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC); Univ Toronto; Mahatma Ghandi Univ
    The incorporation of nanocellulose into a polypropylene matrix is very challenging and at the same time very promising due to the large market for natural polymers as a reinforcement agent, mainly for the automotive industry. This chapter describes the work done aiming to disperse and incorporate nanocellulose from several sources into a polypropylene matrix.
  • ItemArtigo
    Cellulose Nanocomposites for High-Performance Applications
    (Springer, 2011-01-01) Cherian, Bibin Mathew [UNESP]; Leao, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Souza, Sivoney Ferreira de [UNESP]; Thomas, Sabu; Pothan, Laly A.; Kottaisamy, M.; Kalia, S.; Kaith, B. S.; Kaur, I; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Kalasalingam Univ; Bishop Moore Coll; Mahatma Gandhi Univ
    Cellulose nanofibers and their composites offer a highly attractive research line in recent times. Cellulose nanolibers have generated a great deal of interest as a source of nanometer-sized fillers because of their sustainability, easy availability, and the related characteristics such as a very large surface-to-volume ratio, outstanding mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. This chapter describes the many processes to produce nanocellulose from different cellulosic sources and how to increase the compatibility between cellulosic surfaces and a variety of plastic materials. Furthermore, it provides knowledge of different nanocelluloses and nanocomposites and provides updated information on their properties and also deals with fascinating high-tech applications, especially in the medical field.
  • ItemArtigo
    Previous Preservation of Veneers Promotes Higher Preservative Retention and More Effective Protection in CCA-Preserved Plywood
    (2022-01-01) Athanázio-Heliodoro, Julia Carolina [UNESP]; da Silva, Gisleine Aparecida; Palma, Hernando Alfonso Lara [UNESP]; D’Elaqua-Santos, Gabriel Francisco [UNESP]; Ballarin, Adriano Wagner [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas
    Plywood panel has a promising market in Wood Frame Construction System. Like any wood-based product, it can suffer deterioration, and preservative treatment is imperative. The preservative treatment can be done directly on a pressed panel - a conventional method that supposedly causes a decrease in physical-mechanical performance - or incorporated into the production process, by the previous treatment of veneers to develop panels with durability and quality. We compared the performance of these two processes. Panels were produced with Pinus taeda L., using 360 g m-2 of phenolic adhesive in a double line, a pre-pressing and hot pressing for 20 minutes under 1.2 MPa pressure and 130°C and treatement on veneers and panels with CCA-C. Tests followed Brazilian standards. Panels with previous treatment had lower water absorption and swelling. Preservation of the veneers also promoted higher retention levels and better penetration of preservatives. Both treatments did not affect the mechanical performance.
  • ItemCapítulo de livro
    Nano-biodegradation of plastic materials
    (2022-01-01) Leão, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Cesarino, Ivana [UNESP]; de Souza, Milena Chanes [UNESP]; Dias, Otavio Augusto Titton; Jawaid, Mohammad; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Toronto; Universiti Putra Malaysia
    The role of nanotechnology in the fabrication of next-generation nanocomposites based on cellulose derivatives has been suggested to be an important factor in advanced modern technologies for reinforcement purposes and for functional tunability. In this context, nanotechnology has attracted much attention with respect to its promising properties and broad range of applications in several fields such as structural components, ballistic protection, electronics, food science, and drug delivery. It is well established that incorporation of nanoparticles into polymer matrices can improve certain properties of the nanocomposites. However, the influence of the chemical characteristics of the nanofillers on the biodegradability properties of the nanocomposites is not fully understood. This chapter proposes a comprehensive understanding on the effect of cellulose-based nanoparticles on biodegradation properties of a variety of nanocomposite materials. The trade-off between biodegradability and stability of the material is still challenging. The appropriated balance between them will be studied to design robust and sustainable products. Future applications are envisaged to exploit the degree of biodegradability of nanocomposites for more economically viable routes, paving way for cost-effective and sustainable bio-based and biodegradable plastics.
  • ItemResenha
    A Review of Natural Fibers Reinforced Composites for Railroad Applications
    (2022-01-01) de Souza, Milena Chanes [UNESP]; Moroz, Ivan [UNESP]; Cesarino, Ivana [UNESP]; Leão, Alcides Lopes [UNESP]; Jawaid, Mohammad; Dias, Otávio Augusto Titton; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universiti Putra Malaysia; University of Toronto
    Composite materials are abundantly present in applications related to transportation industries, mainly due to their lightweight, good mechanical performance, and viable production costs. In this sector, weight reduction represents a two-fold advantage as fuel consumption can be reduced, as well as passenger (or load) capacity can be enhanced. The use of natural fiber composites is an excellent option considering weight reduction and source renewability, already being done in many automotive and aerospace utilities, but specifically in railroad applications, their choice seems to be eclipsed by synthetic fibers, such as glass and carbon fibers. The objective of this work is to analyze the current situation on composite applications in the railroad industry, deriving a discussion that includes the aspects that hinder the use of natural fibers and also indicates the current status of greener composites even if not including natural fibers. The production costs of these natural fiber-reinforced composites, when observed under a scalability scenario, associated with some specific properties of natural fibers (as flammability performance, for example) seem to be the reason for their rather infrequent consideration. Nevertheless, technology advancements related to production processes and innovative additives fabrication present an interesting prospect for future development in agreement with sustainability concerns.
  • ItemArtigo
    Development of Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves of Intense Rainfall With Emphasis on the Behavior of the Upper Tail of the Distribution
    (2022-01-01) Pansera, Wagner Alessandro; Gomes, Benedito Martins; de Mello, Eloy Lemos; Saad, João Carlos Cury [UNESP]; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The design and management of various hydraulic structures (such as stormwater drains, bridges and dams) require the estimation of rainfall with duration of a few minutes up to 24 h or more. Intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves links probability of occurrence to a given rainfall intensity. The procedure for obtaining IDF curves basically involves two steps: (i) frequency analysis for different durations and (ii) modeling of IDF curves. In the first step, this study aimed to adequately select the upper tail weight of the following distributions: generalized extreme value (GEV), generalized logistic (GLO) and generalized Pareto (GPA). In the second step, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of three models of IDF curves. The traditional model (M1) was compared with empirical model (M2) and a second-order polynomial model (M3). To perform this study, rainfall data from the city of Caraguatatuba (São Paulo state, Brazil) for the period between 1971 and 2001 were used, for time intervals between 10 and 1440 min. The main conclusions were: (i) GLO and GEV had heavy upper tail while GPA had light upper tail, impacting quantiles with T > 100 years; (ii) M3 presents errors lower than M1 for return periods greater than 100 years.
  • ItemArtigo
    Comparative Analysis Between Meteorological Measurements of the Conventional and Automatic Station of Fazenda Lageado in the Municipality of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
    (2022-01-01) Franco, José Rafael [UNESP]; Ranieiro, Matheus Rodrigues [UNESP]; Calça, Marcus Vinícius Contes [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Sérgio Augusto [UNESP]; Dal Pai, Alexandre [UNESP]; Dal Pai, Enzo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The desable process of a conventional meteorological station (EMC) and replacing it with an automatic one (EMA) must be done after comparing concomitant measurements between both. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare 2015 and 2016 measurements of the EMC and EMA of the School of Agricultural Sciences (UNESP) of Botucatu (SP)-Brazil to evaluate the if there is a difference in measurements and create a linear regression models for the construction of a single measurement serie between stations. Measures of maximum, minimum and average air temperature, average relative humidity, wind speed and precipitation were compared using the resampling (Bootstrap) and cross-validation (K-Fold) method, as well as the statistical indicators of index of concordance, mean bias error, relative mean bias error, root mean square error, relative root mean square error, correlation and determination coeficiente (R2 ). The biggest difference was found in wind speed (R2 = 0.746) and the smallest in precipitation (R2 = 0.984). The results demonstrate that despite the difference in the composition of the instruments, there is agreement between the elements, making it safe to disable the EMC and allowing the estimation of the EMA measurements for the reconstruction of a single historical series.
  • ItemArtigo
    Performance of Sentinel-2 SAFER ET model for daily and seasonal estimation of grapevine water consumption
    (2022-01-01) Safre, Anderson L. S. [UNESP]; Nassar, Ayman; Torres-Rua, Alfonso; Aboutalebi, Mayhar; Saad, João C. C. [UNESP]; Manzione, Rodrigo L. [UNESP]; de Castro Teixeira, Antonio Heriberto; Prueger, John H.; McKee, Lynn G.; Alfieri, Joseph G.; Hipps, Lawrence E.; Nieto, Hector; White, William A.; del Mar Alsina, Maria; Sanchez, Luis; Kustas, William P.; Dokoozlian, Nick; Gao, Feng; Anderson, Martha C.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Utah State University; Chemistry and Enology; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); USDA ARS; COMPLUTIG
    Assessment of water consumption is a crucial task for irrigation management in grapevines, especially in areas with limited water resources, which is the case of California Central Valley. This study evaluated the utility of the Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrievement (SAFER) model to estimate daily and seasonal actual evapotranspiration (ETa) using Sentinel 2 images at 10-m spatial resolution and 5-day revisit time in 3 vineyards located at two sites in California. A unique characteristic of this model is the estimation of “synthetic” temperature maps, which are used as part of the estimation of ET and energy balance. The SAFER energy balance results were validated with six eddy covariance (EC) flux towers as part of the Grape Remote-sensing Atmospheric Profile and Evapotranspiration eXperiment (GRAPEX). The estimated surface temperature derived from upwelling longwave radiation measurements was closely correlated with the observed sensor surface temperature with R2 higher than 0.86 for the analyzed EC towers. After performing an internal calibration, SAFER root mean square error (RMSE) values on daily ETa were between 0.64 and 0.75 mm day−1. Additionally, the seasonal ETa was estimated and compared with the EC observations showing an average R2 ranging from 0.64 to 0.52 mm/season. Spatial patterns of ETa showed variability between sites and producer management activities. The results found indicate both limitations and potential utility of SAFER for irrigation management in vineyards using daily or seasonal ETa under different irrigation treatments.
  • ItemArtigo
    Effect of fertigation with domestic sewage effluent in the performance of self-compensating sprinklers
    (2022-04-01) Pitoro, Valdemiro [UNESP]; Román, Rodrigo Sánchez [UNESP]; Queluz, João [UNESP]; Ventura, Kevim [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de Lúrio (UniLúrio); Gerenciamento de Bacias Hidrográficas
    Irrigation by sprinklers is a trustworthy and efficient method for the application of domestic sewage effluent (EED) in agricultural fertigation. Its weakness lies in the possibility of sprinkler obstruction. Current paper evaluates the behavior of self-compensating sprinklers by applying EED treated in anaerobic filters. Assay was conducted in two culture systems: conventional culture (SCC) and vertical (SCV) systems, and irrigation with water of different qualities (treatments): T1 - irrigation with 100% treated effluent (EFT); T2 - irrigation with 100% tap water (AAB); T3 - irrigation with 50% EFT and 50% AAB. Evaluation of the effect of irrigation water quality in the performance of sprinklers in SCC was based on the coefficient of uniformity of distribution (CUD), the coefficient of statistic uniformity (CUE) and the coefficient of manufacturing variation (CVf); in the case of SCV, it was based on the coefficient of variation (Cv) of discharge. Result showed that sprinklers in both culture systems revealed excellent performance. CUD and CUE rates were higher than 90% and may be classified as excellent; CVf of treatments T1 and T3 were classified as fair and T2 as excellent. Cv of discharge in all treatments was below 7% and showed that water quality of irrigation water failed to change the standard of sprinklers in SCV. Irrigation with sewage effluent treated in anaerobic filters did not affect the performance of sprinklers in the two culture systems and revealed excellent performance by EED treatment applied.
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    Ecosystem services as a ballast to guide sustained economic growth by biodiversity conservation actions
    (2022-07-15) Reale, Ricardo; Ribas, Luiz César [UNESP]; Lindenkamp, Teresa Cristina Magro; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); University of Oxford; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Biodiversity loss reduces ecosystems productivity generating negative impacts on the global economy. Even though the economy is dependent on biodiversity or its ecological processes, few companies develop Biodiversity Conservation Actions (BCA) to benefit ecosystems, despite the growing number of sustainable companies worldwide. Here, we investigated the relationship between sustainability and biodiversity conservation of five sustainable corporations which controls more than 1,130,000 ha in five Brazilian biomes. We hypothesised that sustainable companies develop BCA to mitigate their negative environmental impacts and stimulate the refill of ecosystem services they had used. We analysed 5420 pages of annual sustainable reports between 2011 and 2018, qualifying and quantifying BCA indicated by each year companies' reports. We discovered that 90% of the units did not mitigate any negative environmental impacts. We found no BCA that included all productive units of each company, finding that most of the conservation actions were concentrated in few areas, most of them required by law. Companies are most concerned with how to economise costs of Environmental Management Systems than rebuild the ecosystems. We show a possibility to interrupt the “Jevons Paradox” by implementing BCA into the centre of the sustainability tripod's thinking. Finally, once BCA benefits the ecosystem services, they should be used as a ballast to validate sustained economic growth that respects the current and future generations.
  • ItemArtigo
    NDVI RADIOMETRIC INDEX IN PERMANENT PRESERVATION AREA OBTAINED THROUGH REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT
    (2021-11-18) Tagliarini, Felipe de Souza Nogueira [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Mikael Timóteo; Rodrigues, Bruno Timóteo; Barros, Ana Clara de [UNESP]; Garcia, Yara Manfrin [UNESP]; Campos, Sérgio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Centro Universitário Dinâmica das Cataratas (UDC); Parque Tecnológico Itaipu(PTI)
    The use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) as a tool in remote sensing has enabled an operant platform in agricultural and environmental mapping with high precision. This study aimed to analyze the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in riparian Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) for elaboration of thematic maps through aerophotogrammetry and photointerpretation, with greater detail of vegetation due to the very high spatial resolution achieved with the use of images collected by RPA in a stretch of Lavapés river, inside the domains of Lageado Experimental Farm in the municipality of Botucatu, SP. The images were obtained through MAPIR Survey3W RGB and Survey3W NIR/InfraRED sensors, aboard a 3DR SOLO multirotor RPA. For the construction of RGB and NDVI orthomosaics, the images were processed using Pix4Dmapper app. The NDVI result provided a clear transition among biotic targets (vegetation) and abiotic targets (waterbody), and also among the vegetation itself, with greater vegetative vigor, making possible the distinction of arboreal vegetation, in relation to herbaceous vegetation. The images with high spatial resolution collected by RPA, demonstrated flexibility of use, having high potential to mapping landscape dynamics and the spectral response of vegetation.
  • ItemArtigo
    SOIL MOISTURE ESTIMATION THROUGH MACHINE LEARNING USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) IMAGES
    (2021-07-01) Safre, Anderson Luiz dos Santos [UNESP]; Fernandes, Caio Nascimento [UNESP]; Saad, João Carlos Cury [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The soil moisture is an important parameter for the calculation of water depth and irrigation management since it is directly related to the soil water content. Remote sensing techniques combined with statistical models can be used to estimate the spatial variability of soil moisture, extrapolating point measurements. The objective of this study was to determine the soil moisture through machine learning algorithms such as Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forests (RF), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). High resolution multispectral images obtained by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in an irrigated bean area at the Experimental Lageado Farm at Unesp in Botucatu, SP, Brazil, were used. The reflectances in the Green, Red and Near Infrared bands along with the NDVI vegetation index were used as inputs for the models. All the algorithms performed well; however, the model that best fitted the data was the SVR, with mean square error (RMSE) of 0.46% of the estimated soil moisture and determination coefficient (R²) of 0.71.