Extração e exportação de nutrientes em cultivares de batata: I - macronutrientes
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Data
2011-12-01
Autores
Fernandes, Adalton Mazetti [UNESP]
Soratto, Rogério Peres [UNESP]
Silva, Beatrice Luciana
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A determinação das quantidades de nutrientes absorvidas durante o ciclo de desenvolvimento é de suma importância para estabelecer as épocas em que esses elementos são mais exigidos e as quantidades corretas que devem ser disponibilizadas à cultura da batata. No entanto, quase não existem essas informações para as principais cultivares utilizadas no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a extração e a exportação de macronutrientes pelas cultivares de batata Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies e Mondial. O experimento foi conduzido durante a safra de inverno, em um Latossolo Vermelho, no município de Itaí (SP). As parcelas foram constituídas pelas cinco cultivares, e as subparcelas, por épocas de coletas, realizadas no momento do plantio e a cada sete dias após a emergência. As cultivares Mondial e Asterix, mais produtivas, apresentaram maior extração de macronutrientes, com quantidades médias por hectare de 116 kg de N, 18 kg de P, 243 kg de K, 50 kg de Ca e 13 kg de Mg, enquanto as cultivares Ágata, Atlantic e Markies extraíram menor quantidade, com valores médios de 92, 14, 178, 35 e 9 kg ha-1, respectivamente. A maior demanda por macronutrientes pelas cultivares estudadas ocorreu na fase inicial de enchimento dos tubérculos (42 a 70 DAP). A exportação de macronutrientes não esteve diretamente relacionada com a produtividade de tubérculos, já que a cultivar mais produtiva (Mondial) não foi a que exportou a maior quantidade de macronutrientes. A cultivar Asterix exportou maior quantidade de N, P, K e Mg, com valores de 88, 15, 220 e 8 kg ha-1, respectivamente, enquanto a menor exportação foi observada na cultivar Atlantic, com 48 kg ha-1 de N, 10 kg ha-1 de P, 143 kg ha-1 de K e 5 kg ha-1 de Mg. A variação entre as cultivares na extração, especialmente de K e N, indica necessidade de manejo diferencial da adubação.
The determination of nutrient absorption during the growth cycle is essential to determine the periods in which these elements are most required and the correct amounts that should be provided for potato, but for most cultivars used in Brazil the information is extremely scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate absorption and exportation of the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S by the potato cultivars Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies, and Mondial. The experiment was conducted in Itaí, São Paulo State, Brazil, in the 2008 winter growing season on an Oxisol. Plots consisted of the five potato cultivars and subplots of sampling times (at planting and every seven days after emergence). The cultivars Mondial and Asterix, the most productive, absorbed highest average macronutrient quantities per hectare (116 kg N, 18 kg P, 243 kg K, 50 kg Ca, and 13 kg Mg), while Ágata, Atlantic and Markies absorbed smaller average amounts (92, 14, 178, 35, and 9 kg ha-1, respectively). The stage of highest macronutrient demand by the cultivars was during initial tuber bulking (42 to 70 days after planting). Macronutrient exportation was not directly related to tuber yield, since it was not the most productive cultivar (Mondial) that exported the highest macronutrient amounts. Asterix exported higher N, P, K and Mg amounts (88, 15, 220 and 8 kg ha-1, respectively), while the lowest quantities were exported by cultivar Atlantic (48 kg ha-1 N, 10 kg ha-1 P, 143 kg ha-1 K, and 5 kg ha-1 Mg). The wide variation in absorption among cultivars, especially of K and N, indicate the need of a differentiated fertilization management.
The determination of nutrient absorption during the growth cycle is essential to determine the periods in which these elements are most required and the correct amounts that should be provided for potato, but for most cultivars used in Brazil the information is extremely scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate absorption and exportation of the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S by the potato cultivars Ágata, Asterix, Atlantic, Markies, and Mondial. The experiment was conducted in Itaí, São Paulo State, Brazil, in the 2008 winter growing season on an Oxisol. Plots consisted of the five potato cultivars and subplots of sampling times (at planting and every seven days after emergence). The cultivars Mondial and Asterix, the most productive, absorbed highest average macronutrient quantities per hectare (116 kg N, 18 kg P, 243 kg K, 50 kg Ca, and 13 kg Mg), while Ágata, Atlantic and Markies absorbed smaller average amounts (92, 14, 178, 35, and 9 kg ha-1, respectively). The stage of highest macronutrient demand by the cultivars was during initial tuber bulking (42 to 70 days after planting). Macronutrient exportation was not directly related to tuber yield, since it was not the most productive cultivar (Mondial) that exported the highest macronutrient amounts. Asterix exported higher N, P, K and Mg amounts (88, 15, 220 and 8 kg ha-1, respectively), while the lowest quantities were exported by cultivar Atlantic (48 kg ha-1 N, 10 kg ha-1 P, 143 kg ha-1 K, and 5 kg ha-1 Mg). The wide variation in absorption among cultivars, especially of K and N, indicate the need of a differentiated fertilization management.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solanum tuberosum, nutrição mineral, curvas de absorção, taxas de absorção, acúmulo de nutrientes, Solanum tuberosum, mineral nutrition, absorption curves, absorption rates, nutrient accumulation
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 35, n. 6, p. 2039-2056, 2011.