Depósitos de calda de pulverização nas faces adaxial e abaxial de folhas de Eichhornia crassipes dispostas em diferentes ângulos
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Data
2005-06-01
Autores
Marchi, S.R. [UNESP]
Martins, D. [UNESP]
Costa, N.V. [UNESP]
Carbonari, Caio Antonio [UNESP]
Terra, M.A. [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas
Resumo
Estudos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar os depósitos de gotas pulverizadas através de dois tipos de pontas sobre as faces adaxial e abaxial de folhas de Eichhornia crassipes dispostas em diferentes ângulos. No primeiro estudo, os tratamentos foram dispostos no esquema fatorial 2x4x7: dois tipos de pontas (TX12 e XR11002VS), quatro ângulos verticais (0º, 30º, 60º e 90º) e sete ângulos horizontais (0º, 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º e 90º). No ângulo vertical de 90º a lâmina foliar foi posicionada paralelamente ao sentido de deslocamento do jato de pulverização; e no ângulo horizontal de 90º a folha foi posicionada perpendicularmente ao plano do solo. Como traçadores, foram utilizadas soluções de 1.000 ppm do corante Azul FDC-1 e 3.500 ppm do corante Amarelo Tartrasina para as pontas tipo leque e cone, respectivamente. No segundo estudo, os tratamentos foram dispostos no esquema fatorial 2x2x3: dois tipos de pontas (TX12 e XR11002VS), dois tipos de calda (com e sem Aterbane BR a 0,5%) e três ângulos horizontais (0º, 45º e 90º). Adotou-se o ângulo vertical de 90º como padrão para todos os tratamentos. Soluções de 1.000 ppm do corante Azul FDC-1 e 3.500 ppm do corante Amarelo Tartrasina foram utilizadas como traçadores para a calda com e sem surfatante, respectivamente. Os resultados do primeiro estudo revelaram que os depósitos observados em toda a folha e na face adaxial das lâminas foliares de aguapé diminuíram à medida que se aumentou a angulação vertical, independentemente da ponta utilizada. Os menores depósitos sempre estiveram relacionados ao ângulo vertical de 90º, independentemente do ângulo horizontal utilizado. Não foi detectado nenhum depósito na face abaxial das folhas de aguapé em todas as combinações dos fatores estudados. No segundo estudo também foram observados os mesmos decréscimos no volume de calda depositado em toda a folha e na face adaxial à medida que se aumentou a angulação vertical das lâminas foliares. As duas pontas proporcionaram depósitos nulos na face abaxial quando o surfatante não foi utilizado; entretanto, a adição do surfatante à calda incrementou significativamente os depósitos nesta face da folha do aguapé.
This study aimed to evaluate the deposition of drops using two nozzle types over Eichhornia crassipes leaves. The first trial was arranged in a factorial design 2x4x7, as follows: 2 nozzle types (TX12 and XR11002VS), 4 vertical angles (0º, 30º, 60º and 90º) and 7 horizontal angles (0º, 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º and 90º). The laminar leaf was set up parallel to the jet spraying movement direction at a vertical angle of 90º, and perpendicular to the soil plane at a horizontal angle of 90º. Solutions of dyes FD&C Blue no. 1 at 1,000 ppm and FD&C Yellow no. 5 at 3.500 ppm were used as spraying tracers for flat fan and cone nozzles, respectively. The second trial was set up as a factorial design 2x2x3, being 2 nozzle types (TX12 and XR11002VS), 2 spray solution conditions (with and without Aterbane BR at 0.5% v/v) and 4 horizontal angles (0º, 45º and 90º). The vertical angle of 90º was assigned as pattern to all the treatments. Solutions of dyes FD&C Blue no. 1 at 1,000 ppm and FD&C Yellow no. 5 at 3.500 ppm were used as spraying tracers with or without surfactant, respectively. The results obtained from the first trial showed that the spray solution deposits observed on the whole leaf and on the foliar adaxial face of the laminar leaves of water hyacinth decreased as the vertical angle became higher, regardless of the nozzle type used. The lowest spray solution deposits were always related to the vertical angle of 90º, regardless of the horizontal angle adopted. No spray solution deposit was detected on the abaxial face of water hyacinth leaf at the combinations of the factors studied. In the second trial the same spray solution deposit was observed to decrease the whole leaf and adaxial faces as the vertical angle increased. Both nozzle types provided null and void deposits on the abaxial face when the surfactant was not used. However, the surfactant addition to the spray solution provided significant increases on the abaxial face of water hyacinth leaves.
This study aimed to evaluate the deposition of drops using two nozzle types over Eichhornia crassipes leaves. The first trial was arranged in a factorial design 2x4x7, as follows: 2 nozzle types (TX12 and XR11002VS), 4 vertical angles (0º, 30º, 60º and 90º) and 7 horizontal angles (0º, 15º, 30º, 45º, 60º, 75º and 90º). The laminar leaf was set up parallel to the jet spraying movement direction at a vertical angle of 90º, and perpendicular to the soil plane at a horizontal angle of 90º. Solutions of dyes FD&C Blue no. 1 at 1,000 ppm and FD&C Yellow no. 5 at 3.500 ppm were used as spraying tracers for flat fan and cone nozzles, respectively. The second trial was set up as a factorial design 2x2x3, being 2 nozzle types (TX12 and XR11002VS), 2 spray solution conditions (with and without Aterbane BR at 0.5% v/v) and 4 horizontal angles (0º, 45º and 90º). The vertical angle of 90º was assigned as pattern to all the treatments. Solutions of dyes FD&C Blue no. 1 at 1,000 ppm and FD&C Yellow no. 5 at 3.500 ppm were used as spraying tracers with or without surfactant, respectively. The results obtained from the first trial showed that the spray solution deposits observed on the whole leaf and on the foliar adaxial face of the laminar leaves of water hyacinth decreased as the vertical angle became higher, regardless of the nozzle type used. The lowest spray solution deposits were always related to the vertical angle of 90º, regardless of the horizontal angle adopted. No spray solution deposit was detected on the abaxial face of water hyacinth leaf at the combinations of the factors studied. In the second trial the same spray solution deposit was observed to decrease the whole leaf and adaxial faces as the vertical angle increased. Both nozzle types provided null and void deposits on the abaxial face when the surfactant was not used. However, the surfactant addition to the spray solution provided significant increases on the abaxial face of water hyacinth leaves.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
deposição de gotas, aguapé, arquitetura foliar, surfatante, tecnologia de aplicação, drop deposition, water hyacinth, foliar architecture, surfactant, spraying technology
Como citar
Planta Daninha. Sociedade Brasileira da Ciência das Plantas Daninhas , v. 23, n. 2, p. 321-328, 2005.