Crescimento e estruturas do sistema digestório de larvas de pacu alimentadas com dieta microencapsulada produzida experimentalmente
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Data
2012-01-01
Autores
Menossi, Olívia Cristina Camilo [UNESP]
Takata, Rodrigo [UNESP]
Sánchez-Amaya, María Isabel
Freitas, Thiago Mendes de [UNESP]
Yúfera, Manuel
Portella, Maria Célia [UNESP]
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Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia
Resumo
Foram comparados os efeitos de diferentes dietas e da transição alimentar sobre o desempenho zootécnico e a morfologia do trato digestório de larvas de pacu alimentadas com duas dietas comerciais e uma dieta experimental microencapsulada produzida por gelificação interna. Larvas com quatro dias de vida receberam os seguintes protocolos alimentares: somente náuplios de artêmia em quantidades crescentes (controle positivo); larvas mantidas em jejum (controle negativo); três tipos de alimento formulado durante todo o experimento (dieta experimental microencapsulada, dieta comercial NRD1.2/2.0, Inve, USA, e dieta Poli-Peixe 450F, PoliNutri, Brasil); e três protocolos de transição alimentar com náuplios de artêmia durante os seis primeiros dias, seis dias de coalimentação, e somente as respectivas dietas formuladas após esse período. O experimento foi conduzido por 23 dias em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com avaliações periódicas do crescimento e do sistema digestório. A taxa de sobrevivência foi determinada ao final do experimento. Os melhores desempenhos de crescimento e sobrevivência, assim como mais acelerada organogênese do sistema digestório, foram verificados entre os animais que receberam alimento vivo. As larvas que passaram pela transição alimentar apresentaram médias intermediárias de crescimento e sobrevivência e não diferiram entre si. Entre os grupos que receberam apenas dieta inerte, somente naquele alimentado com a dieta nacional houve sobrevivência até o final do experimento. Nenhuma das dietas formuladas é adequada para uso como alimento exclusivo para larvas de pacu. Na fase de transição alimentar, a dieta experimental microencapsulada proporciona resultados de sobrevivência e crescimento semelhantes aos obtidos com dietas comerciais.
The effects of different diets and dietary transition on the performance and morphology of the digestive tract of pacu larvae fed two commercial formulated diets and an experimental microencapsulated diet produced by internal gelation were evaluated. Four-day old pacu larvae received the following treatments: only artemia nauplii in increasing amount during the experiment (positive control); larvae maintained at fasting (negative control); three types of formulated diets throughout the experiment (experimental microencapsulated diet, commercial diet NRD1.2/2.0, Inve, USA, and diet Poli-Peixe 450F, PoliNutri, Brazil); and three weaning protocols in which artemia nauplii were given from the 1st to 6th days, six days of co-feeding (artemia nauplii + the respective formulated diet), and only respective diets formulated after this period. The experiment was conducted for 23 days in a completely randomized design, with periodical evaluations of growth and digestive system. Survival rate was determined at the end of the experiment.The best performances of growth and survival, as well as the organogenesis of the digestive tract, were verified for the animals which received live feed. The larvae at weaning treatments induced intermediate growth and survival, which did not differ statistically between them. Considering the treatments that received only formulated diets as first feed, the PoliNutri diet was the unique that showed alive larvae at the end of experiment. None of the formulated diets are adequate as initial exogenous food for pacu larvae. During the weaning, the microencapsulated experimental diet provides growth and survival performances similar to those obtained with the commercial diets.
The effects of different diets and dietary transition on the performance and morphology of the digestive tract of pacu larvae fed two commercial formulated diets and an experimental microencapsulated diet produced by internal gelation were evaluated. Four-day old pacu larvae received the following treatments: only artemia nauplii in increasing amount during the experiment (positive control); larvae maintained at fasting (negative control); three types of formulated diets throughout the experiment (experimental microencapsulated diet, commercial diet NRD1.2/2.0, Inve, USA, and diet Poli-Peixe 450F, PoliNutri, Brazil); and three weaning protocols in which artemia nauplii were given from the 1st to 6th days, six days of co-feeding (artemia nauplii + the respective formulated diet), and only respective diets formulated after this period. The experiment was conducted for 23 days in a completely randomized design, with periodical evaluations of growth and digestive system. Survival rate was determined at the end of the experiment.The best performances of growth and survival, as well as the organogenesis of the digestive tract, were verified for the animals which received live feed. The larvae at weaning treatments induced intermediate growth and survival, which did not differ statistically between them. Considering the treatments that received only formulated diets as first feed, the PoliNutri diet was the unique that showed alive larvae at the end of experiment. None of the formulated diets are adequate as initial exogenous food for pacu larvae. During the weaning, the microencapsulated experimental diet provides growth and survival performances similar to those obtained with the commercial diets.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
histologia, larvicultura, microencapsulação, organogênese, Piaractus mesopotamicus, transição alimentar, histology, larviculture, microencapsulation, organogenesis, Piaractus mesopotamicus, weaning
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia. Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia, v. 41, n. 1, p. 1-10, 2012.