Artigos - Ciências Biológicas - FCLAS

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Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation changes prostaglandin concentration ratio and alters the expression of genes involved in maternal-fetal recognition from bovine trophoblast cells in vitro
(2023-08-01) Bueno Cordeiro Maldonado, Mariângela [UNESP]; de Castro Lourenço, Valeska [UNESP]; de Oliveira Bezerra, Lucas [UNESP]; Feltrin, Isabella Rio [UNESP]; Mendes, Adriano Felipe [UNESP]; Rocha, Cecilia Constantino; Pugliesi, Guilherme; Ealy, Alan D.; Membrive, Claudia Maria Bertan [UNESP]; Nogueira, Marcelo Fábio Gouveia [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); University of Florida (UF-ANS); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Virginia Tech
Early embryonic mortality caused by maternal-fetal recognition failure in the three weeks after fertilization represents a major cause of reproductive inefficiency in the cattle industry. Modifying the amounts and ratios of prostaglandin (PG) F2α and PGE2 can benefit the establishment of pregnancy in cattle. Adding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to endometrial and fetal cells culture affects PG synthesis, but its effect on bovine trophoblast cells (CT-1) is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of CLA (a mixture of cis- and trans-9, 11- and −10,12-octadecadienoic acids) on PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis and the expression of transcripts involved with maternal-fetal recognition of bovine trophectoderm. Cultures of CT-1 were exposed to CLA for 24, 48 and 72 h. Transcript abundance was determined by qRT-PCR and hormone profiles were quantified by ELISA. The PGE2 and PGF2α concentrations were reduced in the culture medium of CLA-exposed CT-1 compared to that of unexposed cells. Furthermore, CLA supplementation increased the PGE2:PGF2α ratio in CT-1 and had a quadratic effect (P < 0.05) on the relative expression of MMP9, PTGES2, and PTGER4. The relative expression levels of PTGER4 were reduced (P < 0.05) in CT-1 cultured with 100 μM CLA than in the unsupplemented and 10 μM-CLA groups. Treatment of CT-1 with CLA decreased PGE2 and PGF2α synthesis but a biphasic effect of CLA was observed on the PGE2:PGF2α ratio and relative abundance of transcripts with 10 μM CLA providing maximal improvements in each endpoint. Our data suggest that CLA may influence eicosanoid metabolic process and extracellular matrix remodeling.
The influence of pre-treatment on germination of three species of Catasetum (Orchidaceae)
(2023-01-01) Moraes, Milena Cristina; Bertão, Monica Rosa [UNESP]; Custódio, Ceci Castilho; Machado-Neto, Nelson Barbosa; Agronomy College; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Asymbiotic germination techniques are successful in species of the Catasetum genus. The diverse composition of the culture media can be critical; however, viable seeds are required for asymbiotic germination. The reliable method for viability assessment is the tetrazolium test. A decisive step in the efficiency of the tetrazolium test is the seeds preconditioning with sucrose solution, which has the potential to improve germination. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the seed germination of three species of the genus Catasetum in culture media, preconditioned or not with sucrose solution. Seeds of the species Catasetum osculatum, Ctsm. galeritum and Ctsm. complanatum were assessed by tetrazolium test and germinated in two different media, pretreated or not with 10% sucrose solution. The statistical analysis showed that the use of sucrose pretreatment significantly increased the germination rates of the species. We conclude that the pretreatment with 10% sucrose for 24 hours, regardless of the species and the culture medium, significantly increases the germination of Ctsm. complanatum, Ctsm. galeritum and Ctsm. osculatum seeds.
Aloe vera-loaded natural rubber latex dressing as a potential complementary treatment for psoriasis
(2023-07-01) Herculano, Rondinelli Donizetti [UNESP]; dos Santos, Thainá Oliveira [UNESP]; de Barros, Natan Roberto; Pegorin Brasil, Giovana Sant'Ana [UNESP]; Scontri, Mateus [UNESP]; Carvalho, Bruna Gregatti; Mecwan, Marvin; Farhadi, Neda; Kawakita, Satoru; Perego, Caio Humberto [UNESP]; Carvalho, Flávio Alexandre [UNESP]; dos Santos, André Gonzaga [UNESP]; Guerra, Nayrim Brizuela; Floriano, Juliana Ferreira [UNESP]; Mussagy, Cassamo Ussemane; Tirpáková, Zuzana; Khorsandi, Danial; Peirsman, Arne; Nguyen, Huu Tuan; Gomez, Alejandro; Mandal, Kalpana; de Mendonça, Ricardo José; Li, Bingbing; Dokmeci, Mehmet Remzi; Jucaud, Vadim; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI); California State University; Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP); University of Caxias do Sul (UCS); Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso; The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice; Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery University Hospital Ghent; Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM)
Psoriasis is a disease that causes keratinocytes to proliferate ten times faster than normal, resulting in chronic inflammation and immune cell infiltration in the skin. Aloe vera (A. vera) creams have been used topically for treating psoriasis because they contain several antioxidant species; however, they have several limitations. Natural rubber latex (NRL) has been used as occlusive dressings to promote wound healing by stimulating cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis, and extracellular matrix formation. In this work, we developed a new A. vera-releasing NRL dressing by a solvent casting method to load A. vera into NRL. FTIR and rheological analyzes revealed no covalent interactions between A. vera and NRL in the dressing. We observed that 58.8 % of the loaded A. vera, present on the surface and inside the dressing, was released after 4 days. Biocompatibility and hemocompatibility were validated in vitro using human dermal fibroblasts and sheep blood, respectively. We observed that ~70 % of the free antioxidant properties of A. vera were preserved, and the total phenolic content was 2.31-fold higher than NRL alone. In summary, we combined the antipsoriatic properties of A. vera with the healing activity of NRL to generate a novel occlusive dressing that may be indicated for the management and/or treatment of psoriasis symptoms simply and economically.
Herbicidal Activity of Smoke Water
(2023-04-01) Garrido, Raphael Mota [UNESP]; Dayan, Franck Emmanuel; Kolb, Rosana Marta [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Colorado State University
Weeds cause more crop yield loss and increase farmers’ production costs more than any other agricultural pest worldwide. Natural extracts can be an important alternative to synthetic herbicides, or they can be one of the resources from which to discover new pesticide leads. The phytotoxic potential of smoke water was evaluated regarding germination and initial growth, prospecting for its possible herbicidal activity in weeds. Herbicidal activity was evaluated through germination, initial growth, and seedling vigor index bioassays in the laboratory and emergency with initial development bioassays in a greenhouse with smoke water solutions at 2.5, 5, 10 and 20% v/v. Experiments with two treatments were analyzed using T-tests for the parametric data and the Mann–Whitney test for the non-parametric data (p < 0.05). Experiments with three treatments or more were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test followed by a Tukey test for the parametric data and a Kruskal–Wallis test followed by a Dunn test for the non-parametric data (p < 0.05). Linear regression was used to analyze data from the time–injury curve. The greatest effect on germination suppression (98%) was achieved when the Amaranthus viridis seeds were germinated in the laboratory with a 10% smoke water solution. Germination of Raphanus raphanistrum and Digitaria insularis was reduced by 93 and 75%, respectively, at this concentration. In greenhouse experiments, emergence of A. viridis was inhibited 81% by 20% smoke water. In laboratory initial growth experiments, 5% smoke water had the greatest inhibitory effect (94%) on A. viridis. R. raphanistrum initial growth reduction was 82%, Urochloa decumbens was 80%, D. insularis was 77% and Emilia fosbergii was 70% in the same conditions. In greenhouse development experiments, 70% of the A. viridis plants were killed by 5% smoke water treatment. These plants had 88% injury after treatment with 5% smoke water. Therefore, these findings suggest that smoke water solutions have potential as an herbicide, inhibiting the germination and initial growth of monocotyledonous and eudicotyledonous weeds. However, field tests are needed to confirm the potential of smoke water as an herbicide.
Does flooding affect the survival and primary and secondary metabolism of two species of Croton?
(2023-01-01) de Lima, Vânia Tomazelli [UNESP]; de Paula Quintão Scalon, Silvana; Cardoso, Claudia Andrea Lima; Reis, Lucas Coutinho; Kolb, Rosana Marta [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados; Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul (UEMS)
Key message: Both Croton species survive flooding for a considerable period, changing primary and secondary metabolism; C. urucurana is more tolerant than C. floribundus. Native tropical species with a wide distribution are subject to environmental heterogeneity. Croton floribundus and C. urucurana, for example, occur in different forest formations, such as semideciduous seasonal forest and riparian forests, in well-drained or flooded soils. To explain possible adaptive strategies that allow this congeneric pair to occupy areas subject to flooding, we studied the effects of different times of exposure to flooding on species survival and metabolism and the potential for post-flood recovery. Unlike C. urucurana, the plants of C. floribundus survived flooding for only 60 days and the post-flood period; they did not survive flooding for 90 days. In both species, flooding reduced CO2 absorption rate, stomatal conductance, Rubisco carboxylation efficiency, photochemical efficiency of the photosystem II, and shoot and root biomass; however, there was a recovery of these parameters in post-flooding. Additionally, the flooding of Croton plants increased the content of alkaloids, total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, proline, and the activity of the enzymes guaiacol peroxide and superoxide dismutase. These responses were also observed in the post-flooding period. Thus, we conclude that C. floribundus is more sensitive to flooding compared to its congeneric pair. We also conclude that the mechanisms of adaptation to flooding are related to the phenotypic plasticity of both species, including the formation of hypertrophied stem lenticels and adventitious roots, changes in primary and secondary metabolism, and production of protective molecules such as proline.
Revision of Potamobates Champion, 1898 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and description of a new genus for P. thomasi Hungerford, 1937
(2023-03-01) Floriano, Carla Fernanda Burguez [UNESP]; Moreira, Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo; Bispo, Pitágoras da Conceição [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Fundação Oswaldo Cruz
Potamobates Champion, 1898 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) heretofore included 18 species distributed from southern Mexico to Peru. They display a distinct morphology, especially regarding the projections of abdominal segment VIII. Specific identification and delimitation are difficult, and the genus lacks a thorough revision and evaluation of inter- and intraspecific variation. Here, we revise Potamobates, redescribe and/or illustrate known species, and describe P. molanoi Floriano and Moreira, sp. nov. and Brailovskybates Floriano and Moreira, gen. nov. The new genus is erected for P. thomasi Hungerford, 1937 and is characterized by the following features: (1) abdomen elongated, longer than the mesothorax; (2) abdominal spiracles positioned at the center of the segments; (3) male abdominal segment VIII without projections; (4) male pygophore and proctiger not rotated in relation to the longitudinal axis of the body; (5) female abdominal tergum VIII subequal in length and width; (6) and posterior margin of female abdominal sternum VII not produced medially, with a pair of lateral projections.
OPTIMIZED METHOD FOR DNA EXTRACTION AND PCR AMPLIFICATION IN AROEIRA TREE
(2023-01-01) Silva, Jailson Do Nascimento; Linhares, Amanda Camila Dos Santos; Palmieri, Dario Abel [UNESP]; Costa, Marcones Ferreira; de SÁ, Gisele Holanda; Gomes, Maria Fernanda da Costa; Dos Santos, Michelli Ferreira; Feitoza, Lidiane de Lima; Valente, Sérgio Emílio Dos Santos; Instituto Federal do Piauí; Universidade Federal do Piauí; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Estadual do Piauí
Molecular markers are important tools in the characterization of plant genetic diversity and can provide support for conservation strategies for endangered populations. The different molecular techniques involve the evaluation of many individuals; therefore, it is crucial to have fast, efficient, and inexpensive methods for DNA extraction. Given the importance of the Aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.) it is pertinent to optimize a protocol that allows the obtainment of intact and pure DNA, aiming to assist conservation strategies for this species that is threatened with extinction. Thus, this study aimed to compare five DNA extraction methods: Dellaporta et al. (1983), Doyle and Doyle (1987) modified, Ferreira and Grattapaglia (1995), Romano and Brasileiro (2015), and Khanuja et al. (1999) and optimize the most efficient protocol for M. urundeuva. The modified DNA extraction protocol proposed by Doyle and Doyle (1987), using 100 mg of leaf tissue and 6 µl of β-mercaptoethanol was the protocol that presented the sharpest bands after DNA electrophoresis and after the reactions of amplification employing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Therefore, it is suggested to use the protocol described by Doyle and Doyle (1987) modified for the extraction of DNA from young M. urundeuva leaves to carry out techniques involving molecular markers.
The temperature increase due to climate warming can affect the photosynthetic responses of aquatic macrophytes from tropical lotic ecosystems
(2023-01-01) Carriel, Orlando Aparecido [UNESP]; Diagonel, Guilherme [UNESP]; Boas, Lucas Kortz Vilas [UNESP]; de Oliveira, Régis Campos [UNESP]; Branco, Ciro Cesar Zanini [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Over time, the average global temperature has varied greatly, mainly due to natural phenomena. However, several anthropic activities have caused significant changes in the Earth’s atmosphere, so that various greenhouse gases, especially CO2, have increased their atmospheric concentration and, consequently, produced an increase in the planet’s temperature. These climatic changes, particularly global warming, can affect organisms in continental aquatic environments, including primary producers (e.g., macrophytes). Using photosynthetic parameters calculated from chlorophyll a fluorescence and measurements of chlorophyll a content, we assessed the potential effects of temperature increases predicted by two future scenarios from the fifth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP 4.5) and Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP 8.5), on the photosynthetic responses of five aquatic macrophytes from tropical lotic ecosystems. Our results showed a trend of a reduction in the φPSII values associated, as a rule, with an increase in the heat dissipation values in the reaction centers of photosystem II, that is, parameter E. Such reductions in the φPSII associated with increases in parameter E suggest that most likely, even the less severe RCP scenario, RCP 4.5, is already sufficient to negatively and significantly affect the photosynthetic responses of most aquatic macrophytes tested in this experimental study. Considering that macrophytes, alongside macroalgae and periphyton, form the basis of autotrophic food webs in tropical lotic ecosystems, our results suggest that there is a real possibility that the negative effects produced by global warming on these primary producers are propagated, as a “cascade effect”, indirectly affecting higher trophic levels as well.
Effects of solvent extraction on phenolic concentration and antioxidant capacity of the Oedogonium sp. (Chlorophyta) using a simplex-centroid mixture design
(2023-01-01) Tófoli, Rodolfo José [UNESP]; Ferreira, Adriana Luiza [UNESP]; Núñez, Eutimio Gustavo Fernández; Haminiuk, Charles Windson Isidoro; Branco, Ciro Cesar Zanini [UNESP]; Branco, Ivanise Guilherme [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná
Among the freshwater benthic macroalgae found in Brazilian rivers and streams, species of Oedogonium (Chlorophyta) have shown great ability to produce high biomass in several environmental conditions. Their resilience to eutrophic habitats provides an opportunity to assess the use of Oedogonium biomass for applications in different fields, especially those related to the extraction of biologically active compounds of interest for health, food, and cosmetic applications. Thus, this study assessed the effects of different organic solvents (acetone, ethanol, and methanol) and their mixtures when combined with water (20% v/v), on the extraction efficiency of total phenolic compounds (TPC), and their antioxidant capacity (AC), from Oedogonium sp. biomass, using simplex-centroid mixture design. TPC ranged from 90 to 150 mg of gallic acid equivalent per 100 g dry weight (DW), while AC ranged from 1 to 8 µM of Trolox equivalent per gram (DW). The highest TPC and AC were found for extracts using an ethanol/acetone (50:50) binary aqueous solvent mixture, while the lowest values for both TPC and AC were found for the methanolic aqueous solvent. Considering the relatively low-cost and less adverse environmental impacts of the ethanol and acetone aqueous mixture, our results suggest that the use of this specific mixture of organic solvents may have significant advantages in an eventual industrial process for the extraction of phenolic compounds from Oedogonium species.
Climate warming effects on photosynthetic responses of tropical stream macroalgae
(2022-01-01) Boas, Lucas Kortz Vilas [UNESP]; Oliveira, Régis de Campos [UNESP]; Branco, Ciro Cesar Zanini [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
The increase in Earth’s global mean temperature due to anthropogenic climate change threatens many ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems present characteristics that put their biodiversity at an even greater risk. In low-order tropical streams, benthic organisms contribute to a large fraction of the community energy input from primary producers and play a significant role in sustaining autotrophic food webs. Using the chlorophyll fluorescence and dissolved oxygen evolution techniques, we carried out a laboratory experiment to evaluate the effects of projected temperature increases due to global warming of two future scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathway [RCP] 4.5 and RCP 8.5) proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) on the photosynthetic response of lotic macroalgae. We determined control temperatures in both the summer and winter by taking measurements directly in the field, and we calculated experimental scenario temperatures by adding the projected IPCC increases to the seasonal means. Although there were species-specific responses to the simulated scenarios, we noted some trends. In general, the tested Rhodophyta species showed weakened photosynthetic per-formance, particularly in the highest IPCC-predicted scenario (RCP 8.5). In addition, the temperature increase of the IPCC projected scenarios did not produce significant negative effects on the photosynthesis of most Charophyta and Chlorophyta species, revealing a tolerance of these algae to the tested temperature variations. In some cases, most notably Spirogyra sp., there was an increase in the photosynthetic performance. Given the position of these organisms at the base of the food web, our results indicate that fulfillment of the IPCC scenarios could markedly impact tropical lotic environments, especially in shaded low-order streams, where Rhodophyta constitute a highly relevant group of primary producers.
A Sustainable Raw Material for Phytocosmetics: The Pulp Residue from the Caryocar brasiliense Oil Extraction
(2022-10-01) Pegorin Brasil, Giovana Sant’Ana [UNESP]; Borges, Felipe Azevedo [UNESP]; Machado, Amanda de Andrade [UNESP]; Mayer, Cassia Roberta Malacrida [UNESP]; Udulutsch, Renata Giassi [UNESP]; Herculano, Rondinelli Donizetti [UNESP]; Funari, Cristiano Soleo [UNESP]; dos Santos, André Gonzaga [UNESP]; Santos, Lucinéia [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Agroindustrial residues have great potential to improve sustainable production and generate high value-added chemical products. The Cerrado is considered the most threatened biome in Brazil, which houses 4600 endemic species, such as Caryocar brasiliense Cambess., Caryocaraceae. Its fruit, popularly known as “pequi,” is used in regional culinary, in the treatment of diseases, and its consumed portion corresponds to only 10% of its weight. In this work, a “pequi” pulp residue extract was prepared and incorporated in a cosmetic formulation. Both were chemically characterized, and their antioxidant and sun protection factor activities were assessed, as well as the in vitro toxicity in red blood cells and fibroblasts. The extract and the phytocosmetic presented high levels of phenolic compounds, which were identified by liquid chromatography, and showed antioxidant and photoprotective activities that can be justified by the presence of well-known antioxidant compounds. In toxicological tests, both samples exhibited low toxicity in the hemolysis assay (rates < 5%) and low cytotoxicity (viability > 100%). Thus, the extract from C. brasiliense pulp residue presents great potential to be explored in the development of cosmetic products. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Odonata community in transition areas between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes in south-central Minas Gerais, Brazil
(2023-01-01) de Gouvêa, Taiguara Pereira; Stefani-Santos, Glaucia; Vilela, Diogo Silva [UNESP]; de Ávila Júnior, Walter Francisco; de Souza, Marcos Magalhães; Ciência e Tecnologia do Sul de Minas; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
Faunal inventories are essential for biota management and conservation, especially in areas with potential for the creation of conservation units. Inventories of insect taxa such as dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata), which perform several environmental services in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, are of great importance. In view of the above, this study aimed to update and expand the list of Odonata species in the Barroso region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This study was carried out in three areas of forest fragments in Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes in October 2020, December 2020, January 2021, and March 2021. The sampling effort was 8 hours per day during 20 days, totaling 140 sampling hours. A total of 43 Odonata species were recorded, which increased the richness of the study area from 57 to 76 species. The studied areas harbor rare and endangered species. However, since the last sampling in 2009, there has been a significant reduction in diversity in the Atlantic Forest fragment. In view of the changes that forest fragments are undergoing, we underscore the need to create a conservation unit, especially in Baú Forest.
Phytotoxicity of organic extracts of five medicinal plants of the Neotropical savanna
(2023-01-01) Pinto, G. F.S. [UNESP]; Roma, L. P.; Kolb, R. M. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Medicinal plants produce a high diversity of secondary metabolites with different biological activities, which are commonly evaluated when prospecting for bioherbicides. We analyzed the phytotoxic activity of organic extracts from the leaves of five medicinal species, Byrsonima intermedia, Moquiniastrum polymorphum, Luehea candicans, Miconia chamissois, and Qualea cordata. Phytotoxicity was evaluated on the initial growth of cucumber seedlings through tests with different concentrations of hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts. The results showed that all organic extracts and all concentrations affected cucumber development, with methanol extracts generally showing the greatest negative effect on the initial growth of the target species. The only exception was for M. chamissois extracts, in which the hexane extract had the greatest phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the organic extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis, revealing the widespread presence of alkaloids along with other chemical classes. All the study species are thus potential candidates for use as natural herbicides.
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) selectively modulates the metabolic and lipid profile of bovine embryos according to their kinetics of development
(2023-07-01) Annes, Kelly; de Lima, Camila Bruna; Ispada, Jéssica; dos Santos, Érika Cristina; Fontes, Patrícia Kubo; Nichi, Marcílio; Nogueira, Marcelo Fabio Gouveia [UNESP]; Sudano, Mateus José; Milazzotto, Marcella Pecora; Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar); Université Laval; Federal University of ABC; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Supplementation of culture media with IGF-1 during in vitro culture of embryos has had controversial results over the years. In the present study, we show that differences previously observed in response to IGF addition might be related to intrinsic heterogeneity of the embryos. In other words, the effects exerted by IGF-1 are dependent on the characteristics of the embryos and their ability to modulate metabolism and overcome stressful conditions, such as the ones found in a non-optimized in vitro culture system. To test this hypothesis, in vitro produced bovine embryos with distinct morphokinetics (fast- and slow-cleavage) were submitted to treatment with IGF-1 and then evaluated for embryo production rates, total cell number, gene expression and lipid profile. Our results show that remarkable differences were found when fast and slow embryos treated with IGF-1 were compared. Fast embryos respond by upregulating genes related to mitochondrial function, stress response, and lipid metabolism, whereas slow embryos presented lower mitochondrial efficiency and lipid accumulation. We conclude that indeed the treatment with IGF-1 selectively affects embryonic metabolism according to early morphokinetics phenotypes, and this information is relevant for decision-making in the design of more appropriate in vitro culture systems.
Xiphocentronidae (Trichoptera: Psychomyioidea) from the Andean foothills: first species of Machairocentron and Xiphocentron described in the Peruvian Amazon
(2023-02-15) Vilarino, Albane; Salles, Frederico F.; Bispo, Pitágoras C. [UNESP]; Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Neotropical Xiphocentronidae may have arrived in South America from Central America in the late Miocene or via the Greater Antilles land bridge during the Oligocene. This would give from 10 to 30 Mya of diversification of the family in South America. However, only 11 species were previously known from the Andean foothills. In this study, five new species are described from Peru, four of Xiphocentron (X. ashaninka sp. nov., X. harakbut sp. nov., X. matsigenka sp. nov., X. yine sp. nov.) and one of Machairocentron (M. amahuaca sp. nov.). The new species are most similar to species described from the Yungas of Argentina, and the Pacific dominion of Colombia and Venezuela. The association with species from the Pacific may suggest a species divergences prior to the major Andean uplift and the Amazon basin formation. The spine-like setae on the basal region of the inferior appendage of Xiphocentron were recognized as topologically homologous to the setal brushes on the ventral projection of Caenocentron. Furthermore, based on the morphology of male and female genitalia of Machairocentron, a mating position different from that described for Psychomyiidae is inferred.
Unravelling the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter NMDA receptors relevance in the nitric oxide-mediated panic‑like behaviour and defensive antinociception organised by the anterior hypothalamus of male mice
(2023-02-01) Falconi-Sobrinho, Luiz Luciano; dos Anjos-Garcia, Tayllon; Hernandes, Paloma Molina [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Bruno Mangili de Paula; Almada, Rafael Carvalho [UNESP]; Coimbra, Norberto Cysne; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Behavioural Neurosciences Institute (INeC); Biomedical Sciences Institute of the Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Rationale: Previous studies suggested that the dorsal column of the periaqueductal grey matter (dPAG) can be a target of neural pathways from hypothalamic nuclei involved in triggering fear-related defensive responses. In turn, evidence is provided suggesting that microinjection of the nitric oxide (NO) donor SIN-1 into the anterior hypothalamus (AH) of mice evokes panic-like behaviours and fear-induced antinociception. However, it is unknown whether the dPAG of mice mediates these latter defensive responses organised by AH neurons. Objectives: This study was designed to examine the role of dPAG in mediating SIN-1-evoked fear-induced defensive behavioural and antinociceptive responses organised in the AH of mice. Methods: First, neural tract tracing was performed to characterise the AH-dPAG pathways. Then, using neuropharmacological approaches, we evaluated the effects of dPAG pretreatment with either the non-selective synaptic blocker cobalt chloride (CoCl2; 1 mM/0.1 μL) or the competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist LY235959 (0.1 nmol/0.1 μL) on defensive behaviours and antinociception induced by microinjections of SIN-1 in the AH of male C57BL/6 mice. Results: AlexaFluor488-conjugated dextran-labelled axonal fibres from AH neurons were identified in both dorsomedial and dorsolateral PAG columns. Furthermore, we showed that pre-treatment of the dPAG with either CoCl2 or LY235959 inhibited freezing and impaired oriented escape and antinociception induced by infusions of SIN-1 into the AH. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the panic-like freezing and oriented escape defensive behaviours, and fear-induced antinociception elicited by intra-AH microinjections of SIN-1 depend on the activation of dPAG NMDA receptors.
Perilestes jueni (Zygoptera: Perilestidae), new species from Amazonas State, Northern Brazil
(2022-12-14) Mendoza-Penagos, Cristian Camilo; Silva Gonçalves, Myckey Kenzy E.; Vilela, Diogo Silva [UNESP]; Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Perilestes jueni sp. nov. (Brazil, Amazonas State, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Ponto 8 (0.165, -67.007, 92 m asl), 2.xii.2021, C.C. Mendoza-Penagos M. Silva-Gonçalves & S. Da Silva Ribeiro leg.) is described based on one male collected in a remote area of the Brazilian Amazon Forest. The new species is separated from congeners based on cercus morphology.
Psaironeura jeronimoi (Odonata: Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae) sp. nov. From the Brazilian Amazon rainforest, with a key for species of tenuissima group, and discussion on the significance of the genital ligula to the taxonomy of the group
(2022-10-19) Mendoza-Penagos, Cristian Camilo; Juen, Leandro; Muzón, Javier; Vilela, Diogo Silva [UNESP]; Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA); Universidad Nacional; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Psaironeura jeronimoi sp. nov. is described based on seven males (Holotype: ♂ (LABECO, N° 10002717), BRAZIL, Amazonas, Alto Maués Ecological Station, (-5.9852, -59.3182, 114 m asl, 12.v.2019) collected in the state of Amazonas (near Alto Maués Ecological Station) and Pará (municipality of Belterra). This new species fits into the tenuissima group but presents differences in color pattern and shape of the apex cerci. Main morphological characters are figured and compared with those of P. tenuissima (Selys, 1886) and P. bifurcata (Sjöstedt, 1918). Key to males and comments on genital ligula of the species of the group are provided. Finally, comments on the conservation status of the species are presented.
Functional properties of bioactive compounds from Spirulina spp.: Current status and future trends
(2022-12-30) Bortolini, Débora Gonçalves; Maciel, Giselle Maria; Fernandes, Isabela de Andrade Arruda; Pedro, Alessandra Cristina; Rubio, Fernanda Thaís Vieira; Branco, Ivanise Guiherme [UNESP]; Haminiuk, Charles Windson Isidoro; Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR); Laboratório de Biotecnologia; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Functional foods show non-toxic bioactive compounds that offer health benefits beyond their nutritional value and beneficially modulate one or more target functions in the body. In recent decades, there has been an increase in the trend toward consuming foods rich in bioactive compounds, less industrialized, and with functional properties. Spirulina, a cyanobacterium considered blue microalgae, widely found in South America, stands out for its rich composition of bioactive compounds, as well as unsaturated fatty acids and essential amino acids, which contribute to basic human nutrition and can be used as a protein source for diets free from animal products. In addition, they have colored compounds, such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, phycocyanins, and phenolic compounds which can be used as corants and natural antioxidants. In this context, this review article presents the main biological activities of spirulina as an anticancer, neuroprotective, probiotic, anti-inflammatory, and immune system stimulating effect. Furthermore, an overview of the composition of spirulina, its potential for different applications in functional foods, and its emerging technologies are covered in this review.
Revealing the Odonatofauna of Northeastern Brazil: new Heteragrion Selys, 1862 (Odonata: Heteragrionidae) species from Bahia state
(2022-08-30) Vilela, Diogo Silva [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Marciel Elio; Lencioni, Frederico A.A.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC)
Heteragrion roquei sp. nov. (Brazil, Bahia state, Municipality of Una, Fazenda Araruna, (-15.3146, -39.1621), 40 m, 19.ix.2019, M.E. Rodrigues leg., UESC) is described based on two males recently collected in Bahia state, Brazil. The new species is illustrated, diagnosed and compared with morphologically close congeners, being separated from them mainly by cercus characters, such as the medial portion and both ventrobasal/dorsobasal expansions.

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