Ethopharmacological evaluation of the rat exposure test: A prey-predator interaction test
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2013-03-01
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Campos, Kelciane Ferreira Caetano [UNESP]
Amaral, Vanessa Cristiane Santana [UNESP]
Rico, Javier Leonardo [UNESP]
Miguel, Tarciso Tadeu [UNESP]
Nunes-de-Souza, Ricardo Luiz [UNESP]
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The rat exposure test (RET) is a prey (mouse)-predator (rat) situation that activates brain defensive areas and elicits hormonal and defensive behavior in the mouse. Here, we investigated possible correlations between the spatiotemporal [time spent in protected (home chamber and tunnel) and unprotected (surface) compartments and frequency of entries into the three compartments] and ethological [e.g., duration of protected and unprotected stretched-attend postures (SAP), duration of contact with the rat's compartment] measures (Experiment 1). Secondly, we investigated the effects of systemic treatment with pro- or anti-aversive drugs on the behavior that emerged from the factor analysis (Experiment 2). The effects of chronic (21 days) imipramine and fluoxetine on defensive behavior were also investigated (Experiment 3). Exp. 1 revealed that the time in the protected compartment, protected SAP and rat contacts loaded on factor 1 (defensive behavior), while the total entries and unprotected SAP loaded on factor 2 (locomotor activity). Exp. 2 showed that alprazolam (but not diazepam) selectively changed the defensive factor. Caffeine produced a mild proaversive-like effect, whereas yohimbine only decreased locomotor activity (total entries). Fluoxetine (but not imipramine) produced a weak proaversive-like effect. 5-HT1A/5-HT2 receptor ligands did not change any behavioral measure. In Exp. 3, chronic fluoxetine (but not imipramine) attenuated the defensive behavior factor without changing locomotion. Given that the defensive factor was sensitive to drugs known to attenuate (alprazolam and chronic fluoxetine) and induce (caffeine) panic attack, we suggest the RET as a useful test to assess the effects of panicolytic and panicogenic drugs. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.
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Factor analysis, Mice, Panicogenic drugs, Panicolytic drugs, Prey-predator interaction, Rat exposure test, alprazolam, caffeine, diazepam, fluoxetine, imipramine, serotonin 1A receptor, serotonin 2 receptor, yohimbine, acute drug administration, animal behavior, animal experiment, attenuation, aversive behavior, behavior change, body posture, chronic drug administration, climbing, controlled study, defensive behavior, dose response, drug dose comparison, drug effect, drug potency, experimental test, grooming, locomotion, long term exposure, male, mouse, nonhuman, panic, predator avoidance, predator prey interaction, priority journal, rat, rat exposure test, validation process, Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists, Alprazolam, Animals, Anti-Anxiety Agents, Antidepressive Agents, Caffeine, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Diazepam, Escape Reaction, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Fluoxetine, Food Chain, Imipramine, Male, Motor Activity, Posture, Predatory Behavior, Rats, Rats, Long-Evans, Time Factors, Yohimbine
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Behavioural Brain Research, v. 240, n. 1, p. 160-170, 2013.