The role of cytokines in inflammatory bone loss
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Data
2013-09-12
Autores
Souza, Pedro P. C. [UNESP]
Lerner, Ulf H.
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Resumo
Chronic inflammatory processes close to bone often lead to loss of bone in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, loosened joint prosthesis and tooth implants. This is mainly due to local formation of bone resorbing osteoclasts which degrade bone without any subsequent coupling to new bone formation. Crucial for osteoclastogenesis is stimulation of mononuclear osteoclast progenitors by macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) which induces their differentiation along the osteoclastic lineage and the fusion to mature, multinucleated osteoclasts. M-CSF and RANKL are produced by osteoblasts/ osteocytes and by synovial and periodontal fibroblasts and the expression is regulated by pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines also regulate osteoclastic differentiation by direct effects on the progenitor cells. In the present overview, we introduce the basic concepts of osteoclast progenitor cell differentiation and summarize the current knowledge on cytokines stimulating and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis by direct and indirect mechanisms. © Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
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Palavras-chave
Bone loss, Cytokines, Inflammation, Osteoclasts, cardiotrophin 1, CD11b antigen, colony stimulating factor 1, cytokine, interferon, interleukin 1, interleukin 10, interleukin 11, interleukin 12, interleukin 13, interleukin 15, interleukin 17, interleukin 18, interleukin 20, interleukin 21, interleukin 23, interleukin 27, interleukin 32, interleukin 33, interleukin 34, interleukin 4, interleukin 6, interleukin 7, interleukin 8, leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, osteoclast differentiation factor, sphingosine 1 phosphate, sphingosine kinase 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, unclassified drug, alveolar bone, bone remodeling, cell differentiation, cytokine response, fibroblast, human, immunostimulation, inflammatory disease, nonhuman, osteoblast, osteoclast, osteoclastogenesis, osteocyte, osteolysis, osteosclerosis, periodontal disease, periodontitis, priority journal, protein expression, protein function, rheumatoid arthritis, signal transduction, stem cell, tooth pulp
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Immunological Investigations, v. 42, n. 7, p. 555-622, 2013.