Cinética de absorção de silício por cultivares de cana-de-açúcar e de arroz
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Data
2010-10-13
Autores
Martins, Priscila Oliveira [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O silício é considerado, para o arroz e a cana-de-açúcar, um elemento de relevada importância, pois, em muitas situações, tem proporcionado maiores tolerâncias a estresses bióticos e abióticos. No entanto, em muitas situações não tem sido constatado efeito positivo do silício, o que pode estar relacionado a fatores genéticos quanto à capacidade em adquirir silício em baixa disponibilidade e/ou utilizar o elemento absorvido com maior eficiência. Os mecanismos de absorção presentes na interface solo-raiz são influenciados por eficiência fisiológica e pela morfologia radicular das plantas, representada pelo comprimento, superfície e diâmetro das raízes. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo, mediante o acompanhamento da cinética de absorção de Si (Vmax, Km e Cmin), encontrar respostas entre cultivares de cana-de-açúcar e de arroz quanto à capacidade de absorção e utilização do silício, quando submetidas a condições distintas de disponibilidade e carência do elemento, procurando relacioná-las a parâmetros fisiológicos de absorção, parâmetros morfológicos de raízes e eficiência de utilização deste mineral. Foram realizados dois experimentos independentes, um para a cana-de-açúcar e outro para o arroz, em casa de vegetação, na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP, em Botucatu-SP. O delineamento experimental de cada experimento foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial composto por dois cultivares distintos quanto ao acúmulo de silício para o arroz (1- alto acúmulo: Caiapó e 2- baixo acúmulo: Maravilha) e para cana-de-açúcar (1- alto acúmulo: RB85-5035 e 2- baixo acúmulo: SP81-3250) e dois níveis de silício (alto: 1,7mmol L-1 e baixo: 0,1mmol L-1), com seis repetições. Foram avaliados os parâmetros cinéticos (Vmax, Km e Cmin), parâmetros morfológicos da raiz (comprimento, diâmetro e superfície), massa...
Silicon is considered of great importance for sugar cane and rice because it can improve tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, silicon has not shown positive effects in many situations probably due to genetic factors related to capacity of plants to absorb this element in lower availability or/and efficiently use it. Uptake mechanisms found in root-soil interface are influenced by physiological efficiency and aspects of root morphology such as length, surface and diameter. Therefore, this research had the objective of monitoring Si uptake kinetics (Vmax, Km and Cmin) and identifying responses among sugar cane varieties and rice cultivars related to plant capacity of Si uptake and use under distinct conditions of availability and deficiency, associating them to physiological aspects of absorption, root morphology parameters and use efficiency. Two greenhouse experiments were separately carried out for sugar cane and rice in the College of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. The experimental design for each crop was the completely randomized with six replications, analyzed as a factorial that consisted of two rice cultivars (1- high accumulation: ‘Caiapó’ and 2- low accumulation: ‘Maravilha’) and sugar cane varieties (1- high accumulation: RB85-5035 and 2- low accumulation: SP81-3250) with distinct silicon accumulation capacity and two silicon levels (sufficient: 1.7 mmol L-1 and insufficient: 0.1 mmol L-1). Kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km and Cmin), root morphology aspects (length, diameter and surface), dry matter, silicon accumulation and level in shoot and root, uptake efficiency, use efficiency and root/shoot ratio were evaluated for sugar cane and rice. Data was submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by the LSD test at a probability level of 5%. The higher silicon concentration in the nutrient solution did not increase neither sugar... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Silicon is considered of great importance for sugar cane and rice because it can improve tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, silicon has not shown positive effects in many situations probably due to genetic factors related to capacity of plants to absorb this element in lower availability or/and efficiently use it. Uptake mechanisms found in root-soil interface are influenced by physiological efficiency and aspects of root morphology such as length, surface and diameter. Therefore, this research had the objective of monitoring Si uptake kinetics (Vmax, Km and Cmin) and identifying responses among sugar cane varieties and rice cultivars related to plant capacity of Si uptake and use under distinct conditions of availability and deficiency, associating them to physiological aspects of absorption, root morphology parameters and use efficiency. Two greenhouse experiments were separately carried out for sugar cane and rice in the College of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu-SP, Brazil. The experimental design for each crop was the completely randomized with six replications, analyzed as a factorial that consisted of two rice cultivars (1- high accumulation: ‘Caiapó’ and 2- low accumulation: ‘Maravilha’) and sugar cane varieties (1- high accumulation: RB85-5035 and 2- low accumulation: SP81-3250) with distinct silicon accumulation capacity and two silicon levels (sufficient: 1.7 mmol L-1 and insufficient: 0.1 mmol L-1). Kinetic parameters (Vmax, Km and Cmin), root morphology aspects (length, diameter and surface), dry matter, silicon accumulation and level in shoot and root, uptake efficiency, use efficiency and root/shoot ratio were evaluated for sugar cane and rice. Data was submitted to variance analysis and means were compared by the LSD test at a probability level of 5%. The higher silicon concentration in the nutrient solution did not increase neither sugar... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cana-de-açúcar, Arroz, Cinética de absorção de nutrientes, Saccharum spp, Oryza sativa L, Morphological parameters
Como citar
MARTINS, Priscila Oliveira. Cinética de absorção de silício por cultivares de cana-de-açúcar e de arroz. 2010. x, 67 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2010.