Substituição precoce do alimento vivo pelo alimento inerte na larvicultura de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare)
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Data
2010-12-02
Autores
Alvarado-Castillo, Julian David [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A larvicultura é uma das fases críticas na produção intensiva de peixes ornamentais, principalmente quanto à alimentação, uma vez que para cobrir as exigências nutricionais das larvas, são fornecidas elevadas quantidades de alimento vivo (náuplios de Artemia) o que, conseqüentemente, aumenta os custos nesta fase de criação. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da substituição precoce e gradual do alimento vivo (A) pelo alimento inerte (R) sobre o desempenho zootécnico das larvas de acará bandeira. Foram conduzidos seis experimentos com duração de 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 e 24 dias após o início da alimentação exógena (IAE). Em cada experimento, o delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados (desovas) com sete tratamentos: jejum, ração, Artemia e quatro diferentes tempos para iniciar a retirada total do alimento vivo (9, 12, 15 e 18 dias após o IAE). A substituição do alimento vivo pelo inerte teve um período de alimentação mista de três dias antes da retirada total dos náuplios de Artemia. Durante esse período o alimento vivo foi reduzido gradualmente em proporções de 25%, 50% e 75% a cada dia. Durante todo o período experimental a qualidade da água foi mantida em condições ideais para o bom desenvolvimento da espécie. Em síntese, a alimentação com náuplios de Artemia quando comparados com a ração como alimento inicial, favoreceu o crescimento das larvas e desenvolvimento das vilosidades intestinais. Embora, as larvas alimentadas apenas com ração mostraram-se capazes de sobreviver e crescer, a criação é inviável em termos produtivos. As taxas de sobrevivências das larvas que receberam náuplios de Artemia não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos avaliados. No entanto, aquelas alimentadas com dieta viva por um período maior, apresentaram melhores taxas de crescimento...
Larviculture is one of the critical aspects in intensive production of ornamental fish, especially including feed once that to provide the nutritional requirements of larvae, are necessary large amounts of live food (Artemia nauplii), which therefore increases the costs in this rearing phase. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of early and gradual replacement of live food (A) by inert on the growth performance of larvae angelfish. Six experiments were performed with lasting of 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 24 days after the beginning of exogenous feeding (BEF). The experimental design was randomized blocks (spawnings) with seven treatments: fasting, diet inert, Artemia and four different times to start the total withdraw of live food (9, 12, 15 and 18 days after BEF). During throughout the experimental period the water quality were maintained at ideal conditions for the successful development of the specie. Replacement of live food by inert diet had a mixed period of three days before the complete withdraw of Artemia, and the amount of this was gradually reduced in proportions of 25%, 50% and 75% in each day. In summary, feeding with Artemia nauplii when compared to formulated diet as initial food, favored the growth larvae and the normal gut development. Although, the larvae fed exclusively with formulated diet was able to survive and grow, rearing is not viable in productive terms. Survival rates of larvae fed with Artemia nauplii showed no significant differences between the treatments. However, those fish that were fed with live diet for a longer period showed the best and highest growth rates, final biomass, alometric condition factor, size uniformity and showed few visible morphological changes in the epithelial lining of the intestinal villi or few signs of excessive scaling epithelium, when compared to larvae in which the replacement was done earlier... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Larviculture is one of the critical aspects in intensive production of ornamental fish, especially including feed once that to provide the nutritional requirements of larvae, are necessary large amounts of live food (Artemia nauplii), which therefore increases the costs in this rearing phase. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of early and gradual replacement of live food (A) by inert on the growth performance of larvae angelfish. Six experiments were performed with lasting of 5, 8, 11, 14, 17 and 24 days after the beginning of exogenous feeding (BEF). The experimental design was randomized blocks (spawnings) with seven treatments: fasting, diet inert, Artemia and four different times to start the total withdraw of live food (9, 12, 15 and 18 days after BEF). During throughout the experimental period the water quality were maintained at ideal conditions for the successful development of the specie. Replacement of live food by inert diet had a mixed period of three days before the complete withdraw of Artemia, and the amount of this was gradually reduced in proportions of 25%, 50% and 75% in each day. In summary, feeding with Artemia nauplii when compared to formulated diet as initial food, favored the growth larvae and the normal gut development. Although, the larvae fed exclusively with formulated diet was able to survive and grow, rearing is not viable in productive terms. Survival rates of larvae fed with Artemia nauplii showed no significant differences between the treatments. However, those fish that were fed with live diet for a longer period showed the best and highest growth rates, final biomass, alometric condition factor, size uniformity and showed few visible morphological changes in the epithelial lining of the intestinal villi or few signs of excessive scaling epithelium, when compared to larvae in which the replacement was done earlier... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Peixe ornamental, Rações, Vilosidades intestinais, Náuplios de Artemia, Peixes amazônicos, Transição alimentar, Ornamental fish, diet, Intestinal villi, Artemia nauplii, Amazonian fish, Weaning
Como citar
ALVARADO-CASTILLO, Julian David. Substituição precoce do alimento vivo pelo alimento inerte na larvicultura de acará bandeira (Pterophyllum scalare). 2010. vi, 57 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Centro de Aquicultura, 2010.