Toxicidade aguda e risco ecotoxicológico do fipronil para o guarú (Poecilia reticulata) e dissipação no ambiente aquático
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Data
2009-02-10
Autores
Gómez Manrique, Wilson [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os agrotóxicos são utilizados na agricultura para evitar as perdas de produtividade causadas por insetos, ácaros, plantas daninhas, fungos, entre outros. Porém, o uso excessivo destes produtos químicos tem provocado impactos negativos no ambiente. Dentre os efeitos nocivos, destacam-se a presença de resíduos no solo, água, ar, plantas e animais. O fipronil é um inseticida utilizado na cultura de cana-de-açúcar que pode ser carreado para o ambiente aquático. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o risco de intoxicação ambiental da maior concentração de fipronil usada na agricultura com base no valor da CL50 estimados nos testes de toxicidade aguda para Poecilia reticulata como organismo bioindicador; e determinar a dissipação do inseticida no ambiente aquático. Os testes de toxicidade aguda foram realizados de acordo com as normas nacionais. A CL50(I);96h foi estimada em 0,08 mg.L-1 de fipronil sem sedimento e 0,09 mg.L-1 com sedimento. Com estes valores da CL(I)50;96h, o fipronil classifica-se como extremamente tóxico para Poecilia reticulata em ambos os casos. O fipronil classifica-se também como de alto risco de intoxicação ambiental para espelhos d’água de um ha e 0,30 m de profundidade, sem e com sedimento. Para espelhos d’água com um ha e 2,0 m de profundidade, o fipronil classifica-se medianamente tóxico. A dissipação do fipronil na água não foi afetada pela temperatura, substrato (ausência e presença de sedimento) e luminosidade (com luz e sem luz). O tempo mínimo onde o fipronil causa 50% de mortalidade aguda (0,08 mg.L-1) para o guarú após da diluição da concentração de 0,75 mg.L-1 é de 242 dias e o intervalo de segurança, onde não ocorre mortalidade (0,025 mg.L-1) é de 263 dias.
The pesticides are used in agriculture to avoid the loss of productivity caused by insects, mites, weeds, fungi, and others. However, the excessive use of these chemicals has caused negative impacts in the environment. Among the harmful effects to the environment, stands out the presence of residues in soil, water, air, plants and animals. The insecticide fipronil is widely used in cultivation of sugar cane, and it is subject to movement and the runoff to the aquatic environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental risk of intoxication using the highest dose applicated in agriculture of fipronil on the estimated value of the LC50 in acute toxicity tests for Poecilia reticulata used as indicator organism, and dissipation of the insecticide in aquatic environment. The acute toxicity tests were conducted according to national standards. The LC(I)50;96h was estimated at 0.08 mg.L-1 of fipronil without sediment and 0.09 mg.L-1 with sediment. With these values of LC(I)50;96h, the fipronil is classified as extremely toxic to Poecilia reticulata in both cases. The fipronil was also classified as high risk of intoxication environmental in water surface 1 ha and 0.30 m depth, with and without sediment. To water surface with 1 ha and 2.0 m depth, the fipronil is classified with medium toxicity. The dissipation of fipronil in water was not affected by the factors, temperature, substrate and lightness. The minimum time where fipronil cause 50% mortality (0.08 mg.L-1) to guaru after dilution of concentration 0.75 mg.L-1 is 242 days and range of safety, where not deaths occurred (0.025 mg.L-1) is 263 days.
The pesticides are used in agriculture to avoid the loss of productivity caused by insects, mites, weeds, fungi, and others. However, the excessive use of these chemicals has caused negative impacts in the environment. Among the harmful effects to the environment, stands out the presence of residues in soil, water, air, plants and animals. The insecticide fipronil is widely used in cultivation of sugar cane, and it is subject to movement and the runoff to the aquatic environment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the environmental risk of intoxication using the highest dose applicated in agriculture of fipronil on the estimated value of the LC50 in acute toxicity tests for Poecilia reticulata used as indicator organism, and dissipation of the insecticide in aquatic environment. The acute toxicity tests were conducted according to national standards. The LC(I)50;96h was estimated at 0.08 mg.L-1 of fipronil without sediment and 0.09 mg.L-1 with sediment. With these values of LC(I)50;96h, the fipronil is classified as extremely toxic to Poecilia reticulata in both cases. The fipronil was also classified as high risk of intoxication environmental in water surface 1 ha and 0.30 m depth, with and without sediment. To water surface with 1 ha and 2.0 m depth, the fipronil is classified with medium toxicity. The dissipation of fipronil in water was not affected by the factors, temperature, substrate and lightness. The minimum time where fipronil cause 50% mortality (0.08 mg.L-1) to guaru after dilution of concentration 0.75 mg.L-1 is 242 days and range of safety, where not deaths occurred (0.025 mg.L-1) is 263 days.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Insecticide, Toxicity, Environmental risk, Fish, Inseticidas, Toxicidade aguda, Avaliação de riscos ambientais, Peixe
Como citar
GÓMEZ MANRIQUE, Wilson. Toxicidade aguda e risco ecotoxicológico do fipronil para o guarú (Poecilia reticulata) e dissipação no ambiente aquático. 2009. vi, 56 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Centro de Aqüicultura, 2009.