Estudo da hidrólise do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar por fungos filamentosos
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Data
2010-03-30
Autores
Marques, Marina Paganini [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O bagaço de cana de açúcar (BCA) é o principal subproduto das indústrias de açúcar e álcool no Brasil e em função da sua abundância e baixo custo poderia ser usado para aumentar a produção de etanol, fornecendo vantagens econômicas e ambientais. A hidrólise enzimática é um caminho promissor para obter açúcares de BCA, mas a baixa acessibilidade enzimática da celulose nativa é a chave do problema neste processo. Por este motivo, o pré tratamento da biomassa é exigido para remover a lignina e a hemicelulose. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial biotecnológico de fungos filamentosos capazes de produzir grandes quantidades de enzimas celulolíticas utilizando o BCA como substrato com pré tratamento térmico e termo ácido. As espécies fúngicas selecionadas para este estudo foram: Aspergillus nidulans (mutante melanizado), Trichophyton terrestre e Aspergillus niger. Para o cultivo em estado sólido, o bagaço pré tratado foi inoculado com micélios ou esporos dos fungos e incubados a temperatura ambiente durante 15, 30 e 60 dias. A eficácia da hidrólise microbiana foi avaliada em relação ao açúcar total (AT), ao açúcar redutor (AR), as concentrações de fenol (Fe) e a atividade das enzimas celulolíticas (celulase, avicelase e CMCase). Os resultados mostraram que a quantidade de AT, AR e Fe foi mais elevada quando os fungos foram crescidos sobre o BCA com pré tratamento termo ácido comparado ao BCA com pré tratamento térmico. Dentre os fungos estudados, o filtrado da cultura do A. niger crescido sobre o BCA com pré tratamento termo ácido por 60 dias pode ser usado como o meio fermentativo para a produção de etanol devido a uma elevada concentração açúcar redutor (1,16% m/v ou 11,6 g.L 1 ) e de baixas concentrações de fenol (0,003% m/v ou 0,03 g.L 1 ). O nível o mais elevado de celulase...
The sugar bagasse cane (SCB) is the major by product of the sugar and alcohol industries in Brazil and in function of its abundance and low cost could be used to increase ethanol production, providing economic and environmental advantages. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a promising way for obtaining sugars from SCB, but the low enzymatic accessibility of the native cellulose is a key problem in this processes. For this reason, the pretreatment of biomass is required to remove lignin and hemicellulose. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the biotechnological potential of filamentous fungi to produce large amounts of cellulolitic enzymes using thermal and/or acid pretreated SCB as substrate. The selected fungal species for this study were: Aspergillus nidulans (melanized mutant), A. niger and Trychophyton terrestre. For cultivation in solid state, the pretreated bagasse was inoculated with mycelia or spores of the fungi and incubate at room temperature during 15, 30 and 60 days. The effectiveness of the microbial hydrolysis was evaluated in terms of total sugar (TS), reducing sugar (RS) and phenol (Phe) concentrations and also activity of cellulolitic enzymes (cellulase, avicelase and CMCase). The results showed that the amount of TS, RS and Phe was higher when the fungi grown on acid and thermal pretreated SCB compared to thermal pretreated SCB. Among fungi studied, the filtrate of A. niger culture grown on acid and thermal pretreated SCB for 60 days could be used as fermentative medium for production of ethanol due to presence of high concentration of reducing sugar (1,16% m/v or 11,6 g.L 1 ) and low amounts of phenol (0,003% m/v or 0,03 g.L 1 ). The highest level of cellulase, corresponding to 0,74 IU.mL 1 , was obtained in the A. nidulans culture after 15 days of growth. For CMCase and avicelase, the maximum activity was exhibited respectively... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The sugar bagasse cane (SCB) is the major by product of the sugar and alcohol industries in Brazil and in function of its abundance and low cost could be used to increase ethanol production, providing economic and environmental advantages. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a promising way for obtaining sugars from SCB, but the low enzymatic accessibility of the native cellulose is a key problem in this processes. For this reason, the pretreatment of biomass is required to remove lignin and hemicellulose. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the biotechnological potential of filamentous fungi to produce large amounts of cellulolitic enzymes using thermal and/or acid pretreated SCB as substrate. The selected fungal species for this study were: Aspergillus nidulans (melanized mutant), A. niger and Trychophyton terrestre. For cultivation in solid state, the pretreated bagasse was inoculated with mycelia or spores of the fungi and incubate at room temperature during 15, 30 and 60 days. The effectiveness of the microbial hydrolysis was evaluated in terms of total sugar (TS), reducing sugar (RS) and phenol (Phe) concentrations and also activity of cellulolitic enzymes (cellulase, avicelase and CMCase). The results showed that the amount of TS, RS and Phe was higher when the fungi grown on acid and thermal pretreated SCB compared to thermal pretreated SCB. Among fungi studied, the filtrate of A. niger culture grown on acid and thermal pretreated SCB for 60 days could be used as fermentative medium for production of ethanol due to presence of high concentration of reducing sugar (1,16% m/v or 11,6 g.L 1 ) and low amounts of phenol (0,003% m/v or 0,03 g.L 1 ). The highest level of cellulase, corresponding to 0,74 IU.mL 1 , was obtained in the A. nidulans culture after 15 days of growth. For CMCase and avicelase, the maximum activity was exhibited respectively... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biotecnologia, Fungos filamentosos, Cana-de-açúcar - Bagaço, Biotechnology, Sugarcane bagasse, Filamentous fungi
Como citar
MARQUES, Marina Paganini. Estudo da hidrólise do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar por fungos filamentosos. 2010. 77 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2010.