Sistemas de manejo e qualidade física em latossolo vermelho
Carregando...
Data
2010-09-24
Autores
Rossetti, Karina de Vares [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O manejo inadequado do solo tem causado degradação da qualidade física, com consequente redução de produtividade das culturas e aumento da erosão. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar os efeitos de diferentes preparos na qualidade física de um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico argiloso, em Jaboticabal, Estado de São Paulo. Para isso, foram avaliados dois anos agrícolas por meio do delineamento inteiramente casualizado e em parcelas subdivididas, com cinco tratamentos principais em cada safra, os quais em 2008/09 as áreas foram cultivadas com soja, onde foram avaliados: sistema plantio direto por 5 anos (SPD5), sistema plantio direto por 7 anos (SPD7), sistema plantio direto por 9 anos (SPD9), sistema de preparo convencional (SPC) e uma área adjacente de mata nativa (MN). Em 2009/10 as áreas foram cultivadas com milho, onde foram avaliados: sistema plantio direto por 6 anos (SPD6), sistema plantio direto por 8 anos (SPD8), sistema plantio direto por 10 anos (SPD10), sistema de preparo convencional (SPC) e uma área adjacente de mata nativa (MN). A qualidade física do solo foi avaliada por meio da estabilidade agregados, densidade do solo, porosidade total, macroporosidade, microporosidade, resistência do solo à penetração, densidade relativa, condutividade hidraúlica saturada, curva de retenção de água e índice S e foram avaliados também a granulometria do solo, o índice de estratificação de carbono e as características agronômicas de cada cultura nos quatro tratamentos secundários: 0-0,05; 0,05-0,10; 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m. Em relação ao ano agrícola de 2008/09 concluiu-se, que a qualidade física do solo sob preparo convencional de acordo com o índice S foi superior à do solo sob o sistema plantio direto e também, que o sistema plantio direto de 7 anos teve maior produtividade e mostrou diferença significativa com o sistema...
Improper management of land has caused degradation of soil physical quality, with consequent reduction in crop productivity and increased soil erosion. In this sense, the aim of this work to analyze the effects of different preparations on the physical quality of an Typic Haplustox clay texture in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State. For this, we assessed two years in farming through the randomized design and split plot with five treatments in each main crop, with in 2008/09 the areas were planted with soybeans, which were evaluated: no-tillage system for 5 years (SPD5); no-tillage system for 7 years (SPD7); no-tillage system for 9 years (SPD9); conventional tillage (CT) and native forest (NF). In 2008/09 the areas were planted with corn, were evaluated: notillage system for 6 years (SPD6); no-tillage system for 8 years (SPD8); no-tillage system for 10 years (SPD10); conventional tillage (CT) and native forest (NF). The soil physical quality was evaluated through stability of aggregates, soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, resistance to the penetration, relative density, hydraulic conductivity and index S, and were also evaluated and soil particle size, the rate of carbon stratification and agronomic traits of each culture in the four secondary treatments: 0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0,10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m. Regarding the agricultural year 2008/09 it was concluded that the physical quality of soils under conventional tillage according to the index S was higher in soil under no tillage and also that the tillage of 7 years had higher productivity and a significant difference with the conventional system. Regarding the agricultural year 2009/10 it was concluded that the conventional tillage had a lower average productivity and differed statistically only tillage system ten years, but there was no water deficit nor values of resistance were impeding the penetration during... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Improper management of land has caused degradation of soil physical quality, with consequent reduction in crop productivity and increased soil erosion. In this sense, the aim of this work to analyze the effects of different preparations on the physical quality of an Typic Haplustox clay texture in Jaboticabal, São Paulo State. For this, we assessed two years in farming through the randomized design and split plot with five treatments in each main crop, with in 2008/09 the areas were planted with soybeans, which were evaluated: no-tillage system for 5 years (SPD5); no-tillage system for 7 years (SPD7); no-tillage system for 9 years (SPD9); conventional tillage (CT) and native forest (NF). In 2008/09 the areas were planted with corn, were evaluated: notillage system for 6 years (SPD6); no-tillage system for 8 years (SPD8); no-tillage system for 10 years (SPD10); conventional tillage (CT) and native forest (NF). The soil physical quality was evaluated through stability of aggregates, soil bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity, resistance to the penetration, relative density, hydraulic conductivity and index S, and were also evaluated and soil particle size, the rate of carbon stratification and agronomic traits of each culture in the four secondary treatments: 0-0.05; 0.05-0.10; 0,10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m. Regarding the agricultural year 2008/09 it was concluded that the physical quality of soils under conventional tillage according to the index S was higher in soil under no tillage and also that the tillage of 7 years had higher productivity and a significant difference with the conventional system. Regarding the agricultural year 2009/10 it was concluded that the conventional tillage had a lower average productivity and differed statistically only tillage system ten years, but there was no water deficit nor values of resistance were impeding the penetration during... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Milho, Qualidade física do solo, Índice S, Zea mays, Glycine max, Corn, soil physical quality, Index S, Zea mays, Glycine max
Como citar
ROSSETTI, Karina de Vares. Sistemas de manejo e qualidade física em latossolo vermelho. 2010. xvii, 77 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2010.