Efeito do tamanho dos grânulos nas características estruturais e físico-químicas do amido de trigo
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Data
2006-09-29
Autores
Yonemoto, Patrícia Guedes [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A distribuição de tamanho dos grânulos de amido é uma característica importante que influencia diretamente a composição química do amido afetando sua funcionalidade, gelatinização, propriedades de pasta, susceptibilidade enzimática, características de panificação e cristalinidade. Os grânulos de amido de trigo possuem distribuição bimodal de tamanho e geralmente são divididos em grânulos tipo A (10-40 æm) e tipo B (= 10 æm). Annealing é uma modificação física que consiste no aquecimento de uma suspensão de amido abaixo de sua temperatura de gelatinização e acima de sua temperatura vítrea. Essa modificação altera as propriedades térmicas e a susceptibilidade enzimática dos amidos, as quais influenciam diretamente a utilização dos mesmos em produtos alimentícios. Neste trabalho amidos de trigo obtidos de quatro diferentes cultivares foram isolados e fracionados por tamanho. Amostras dos amidos de diferentes tamanhos foram analisadas quanto ao teor de fósforo e lisofosfolipídeos, teor de amilose, difração de raios-X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, susceptibilidade enzimática, propriedades térmicas e poder de inchamento. Os amidos de diferentes tamanhos também foram submetidos ao annealing e analisados quanto às suas propriedades térmicas e susceptibilidade enzimática além de serem observados em microscópio eletrônico de varredura. O fracionamento possibilitou a divisão dos grânulos de amido em grânulos grandes (> 15 æm) e grânulos pequenos (= 10 æm). Independente do cultivar estudado, os grânulos grandes mostraram diâmetro médio de 22 æm e formato lenticular, enquanto os grânulos pequenos apresentaram diâmetro médio de 6 æm e formato arredondado. Grânulos grandes apresentaram menor teor de fósforo e lisofosfolipídeos que os pequenos, porém maior teor de amilose. Os grânulos pequenos apresentaram maior índice...
Size distribution of starch granules is an important characteristic that has direct influence on the chemical composition of the starch affecting its functionality, gelatinization, pasting properties, enzymatic susceptibility, baking characteristics and crystallinity. Wheat starch granules exhibit a bimodal size distribution and are generally divided in type A granules (10-40 æm) and type B (< 10 æm). Annealing is a physical change that involves heating a starch slurry below its gelatinization temperature and above its glass transition temperature. This modification alters thermal properties and enzymatic susceptibility, which directly affect the use of these modified starches in food products. In this work wheat starches obtained from four differents cultivars were isolated and separated by size. Samples from the different size starches were analyzed regarding phosphorus and lysophospholipids content, amylose content, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, enzymatic susceptibility, thermal properties and swelling power. Starches from different sizes were submitted to annealing and analyzed regarding its thermal properties and enzymatic susceptibility besides being observed in scanning electron microscopy. Separation made possible for the granules to be divided in large granules (> 15 æm) and small granules (= 10 æm). Independent of the cultivar studied, large granules showed average diameter of 22 æm and lenticular shape, while small granules showed average diameter of 6 æm and rounded shape. Large granules exhibited less phosphorus and lysophospholipids content than small granules but had higher amylose content. Small granules exhibited higher degree of cristallinity when compared to large granules, suggesting that amylose content is negatively related to the degree of cristallinity. Inspite of having higher cristallinity, small granules, by exhibiting larger surface area... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Size distribution of starch granules is an important characteristic that has direct influence on the chemical composition of the starch affecting its functionality, gelatinization, pasting properties, enzymatic susceptibility, baking characteristics and crystallinity. Wheat starch granules exhibit a bimodal size distribution and are generally divided in type A granules (10-40 æm) and type B (< 10 æm). Annealing is a physical change that involves heating a starch slurry below its gelatinization temperature and above its glass transition temperature. This modification alters thermal properties and enzymatic susceptibility, which directly affect the use of these modified starches in food products. In this work wheat starches obtained from four differents cultivars were isolated and separated by size. Samples from the different size starches were analyzed regarding phosphorus and lysophospholipids content, amylose content, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, enzymatic susceptibility, thermal properties and swelling power. Starches from different sizes were submitted to annealing and analyzed regarding its thermal properties and enzymatic susceptibility besides being observed in scanning electron microscopy. Separation made possible for the granules to be divided in large granules (> 15 æm) and small granules (= 10 æm). Independent of the cultivar studied, large granules showed average diameter of 22 æm and lenticular shape, while small granules showed average diameter of 6 æm and rounded shape. Large granules exhibited less phosphorus and lysophospholipids content than small granules but had higher amylose content. Small granules exhibited higher degree of cristallinity when compared to large granules, suggesting that amylose content is negatively related to the degree of cristallinity. Inspite of having higher cristallinity, small granules, by exhibiting larger surface area... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tecnologia de alimentos, Amido, Amido de trigo - Anelamento, Amido de trigo - Tamanho dos grânulos, Amido de trigo - Características estruturais, Amido de trigo - Características físico-químicas
Como citar
YONEMOTO, Patrícia Guedes. Efeito do tamanho dos grânulos nas características estruturais e físico-químicas do amido de trigo. 2006. 101 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2006.