Lei dos genéricos e concorrência na indústria farmacêutica brasileira: estudo de casos sobre a atuação das empresas transnacionais
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Data
2008-09-22
Autores
Prado, Ana Raquel Mechlin [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, na década de 1990, período de grandes transformações institucionais, a indústria farmacêutica passou por um processo de “especialização regressiva”, uma vez que a abertura comercial desestimulou a produção local de farmoquímicos e ampliou a dependência por importações, inclusive, de medicamentos acabados. A legislação patentária de 1997 propiciou o aumento de investimentos pelas transnacionais, responsáveis por produtos inovadores; contudo, não resultou na realização de etapas produtivas de maior conteúdo tecnológico no país. Ao final dos anos 1990, as transnacionais continuavam as líderes do setor, enquanto as nacionais, de pequeno porte e defasadas tecnológica e financeiramente, ficavam à margem da concorrência. A introdução dos genéricos, em 1999, surgiu como uma tentativa de aumentar o acesso da população a medicamentos equivalentes aos de marca, a preços relativamente mais baratos. Esse segmento movimentou o cenário dessa indústria no país, ao fortalecer as empresas de capital nacional e ao atrair estrangeiras para esse mercado, o que incitou a adoção de novas estratégias pelos laboratórios transnacionais instalados no país. Esta pesquisa tem, como propósito, justamente, a identificação e o estudo de tais estratégias pelas subsidiárias brasileiras. A fim de se atingir o objetivo proposto, foram feitas leituras de textos e artigos especializados e o estudo de três transnacionais instaladas no país: Eli Lilly, Novartis e Sanofi-Aventis, por meio de reportagens da Gazeta Mercantil e do Valor Econômico, de 2000 a 2007, e de dados de exportação e importação de cada subsidiária para analisar a sua inserção na rede global dos laboratórios. Constatou-se que as atuações dessas subsidiárias foram diferenciadas com o intuito de sobreviver às pressões competitivas; porém todas tiveram como alvo acelerar...
In Brazil, in the 1990s, during a period of large institutional transformations, the pharmaceutical industry went through a “regressive specialization” process since the commercial growth had dampened the local production of pharmaceutics and increased the dependence on importations, including finished medicine. The patent legislation of 1997 brought about the increase in investments by transnational companies, responsible for innovative products; however, this did not result in the accomplishment of productive steps of larger technological content in the country. By the end of the 1990s, the transnational companies continued to lead the sector, while the domestic companies, small in size and behind technologically and financially, remained on the sidelines of the competition. With the introduction of generic drugs in 1999, an attempt was made to increase access to the population to medicine that was equivalent to the branded drugs, at prices relatively cheaper. This segment stirred the scenario of this industry in the country, strengthening the domestic companies and attracting foreigners to this market, which provoked the adoption of new strategies by the transnational laboratories set up in the country. The purpose of this research is, precisely, to identify and study the above-mentioned strategies by Brazilian subsidiaries. In order to reach the proposed objective, texts and specialized articles were examined and three transnational companies set up in Brazil (Eli Lilly, Novartis and Sanofi-Aventis) were studied through articles from Gazeta Mercantil and Valor Econômico dating from 2000 to 2007, and from import/export data of each subsidiary to analyze its insertion into the global network of laboratories. It was revealed that the dealings of these subsidiaries were distinguished by the will to survive the competitive pressures; nevertheless, each... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
In Brazil, in the 1990s, during a period of large institutional transformations, the pharmaceutical industry went through a “regressive specialization” process since the commercial growth had dampened the local production of pharmaceutics and increased the dependence on importations, including finished medicine. The patent legislation of 1997 brought about the increase in investments by transnational companies, responsible for innovative products; however, this did not result in the accomplishment of productive steps of larger technological content in the country. By the end of the 1990s, the transnational companies continued to lead the sector, while the domestic companies, small in size and behind technologically and financially, remained on the sidelines of the competition. With the introduction of generic drugs in 1999, an attempt was made to increase access to the population to medicine that was equivalent to the branded drugs, at prices relatively cheaper. This segment stirred the scenario of this industry in the country, strengthening the domestic companies and attracting foreigners to this market, which provoked the adoption of new strategies by the transnational laboratories set up in the country. The purpose of this research is, precisely, to identify and study the above-mentioned strategies by Brazilian subsidiaries. In order to reach the proposed objective, texts and specialized articles were examined and three transnational companies set up in Brazil (Eli Lilly, Novartis and Sanofi-Aventis) were studied through articles from Gazeta Mercantil and Valor Econômico dating from 2000 to 2007, and from import/export data of each subsidiary to analyze its insertion into the global network of laboratories. It was revealed that the dealings of these subsidiaries were distinguished by the will to survive the competitive pressures; nevertheless, each... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Indústria farmacêutica, Medicamentos genéricos, Concorrência - Brasil, Empresas multinacionais
Como citar
PRADO, Ana Raquel Mechlin. Lei dos genéricos e concorrência na indústria farmacêutica brasileira: estudo de casos sobre a atuação das empresas transnacionais. 2008. 140 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Araraquara, 2008.