A cultura da soja implantada em diferentes coberturas e manejos do solo em área de pastagem degradada
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Data
2002-06
Autores
Oliveira, Mariana Figueiredo Bergamo de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A integração da agricultura com a pecuária tem sido utilizada não só por permitir a reforma ou renovação das pastagens degradadas a custos menores e diluídos em alguns anos, mas também por propiciar correção físico-química do solo, produção de grãos, alimento para os animais durante o período de inverno, utilização mais racional da terra e dos equipamentos agrícolas. Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos dos sistemas de manejo e das culturas de cobertura do solo na produção de grãos da cultura da soja e visando a escolha da melhor técnica para a iniciar o uso do sistema de integração agricultura-pecuária em um solo de baixa fertilidade natural, desenvolveu-se este trabalho. Avaliou-se os impactos dos manejos e das culturas de cobertura na densidade, no teor de água do solo, na produção de matéria seca e grãos de triticale e aveia preta, nas características agronômicas e na produção de grãos de soja. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Santa Maria, no Município de Avaré-SP, em um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo, distrófico, textura média e baixa fertilidade natural, sob pastagem degradada. O experimento foi constituído de nove tratamentos, sendo três sistemas de manejo do solo: preparo convencional, preparo reduzido e plantio direto; três culturas de coberturas do solo (aveia preta, pasto de Brachiaria decumbens e triticale) e plantio da cultura de soja no verão, sendo delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a maior porcentagem de cobertura do solo foi proporcionada pelo plantio direto, independente da cultura de cobertura do solo, e a menor pelo preparo convencional. Apesar da baixa precipitação pluviométrica, a aveia e o triticale produziram maior quantidade de matéria seca que a... .
The integration agriculture-pasture system has been used not only to allow degraded pastures renovation or renewal on a low cost and dilluted in some years but also to provide soil physics and chemical correction, grain production food during the winter time, a more rational use of the soil and machinery. This work was carried to evaluate management systems effects and soil coverage crops on soybean crop grain production and aiming to choose the best technique to start integration agriculture-pasture system on a low natural fertility soil. Management impacts and density coverage crops were evaluated on soil water content, on dry matter production and triticale and dark oat,on agronomic characteristics and on soybean grain production. The experiment was carried at “Fazenda Santa Maria – Avaré – SP” on a low natural fertility and median texture distrophic yellow-red Latossoil over degraded tree soil management systems (conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no tillage) three soil coverage crops ( dark oat, Brachiaria decubens and triticale crop) and soybean crop planting in the summer with experimental design into random blocks with subdivided parcels and four repetitions. Results concluded that the highest soil coverage percentage was provided by direct planting apart from coverage crop and the lowest by conventional tillage. Despite the low rain condition, oat and triticale yielded higher dry matter amount than brachiaria pasture present on the soil becoming a feasible alternative of herd feeding during winter time mainly when cultivated under conventional tillage. The highest production of triticale and dark oat was obtained from conventional preparation and the worst on direct planting and reduced preparation was equal to both. The dark oat showed a smaller yield related to triticale. Agronomic features of soybean responded differently to each... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
The integration agriculture-pasture system has been used not only to allow degraded pastures renovation or renewal on a low cost and dilluted in some years but also to provide soil physics and chemical correction, grain production food during the winter time, a more rational use of the soil and machinery. This work was carried to evaluate management systems effects and soil coverage crops on soybean crop grain production and aiming to choose the best technique to start integration agriculture-pasture system on a low natural fertility soil. Management impacts and density coverage crops were evaluated on soil water content, on dry matter production and triticale and dark oat,on agronomic characteristics and on soybean grain production. The experiment was carried at “Fazenda Santa Maria – Avaré – SP” on a low natural fertility and median texture distrophic yellow-red Latossoil over degraded tree soil management systems (conventional tillage, reduced tillage and no tillage) three soil coverage crops ( dark oat, Brachiaria decubens and triticale crop) and soybean crop planting in the summer with experimental design into random blocks with subdivided parcels and four repetitions. Results concluded that the highest soil coverage percentage was provided by direct planting apart from coverage crop and the lowest by conventional tillage. Despite the low rain condition, oat and triticale yielded higher dry matter amount than brachiaria pasture present on the soil becoming a feasible alternative of herd feeding during winter time mainly when cultivated under conventional tillage. The highest production of triticale and dark oat was obtained from conventional preparation and the worst on direct planting and reduced preparation was equal to both. The dark oat showed a smaller yield related to triticale. Agronomic features of soybean responded differently to each... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Manejo, Plantio direto, Soja - Cultivo, Cultivos de cobertura
Como citar
OLIVEIRA, Mariana Figueiredo Bergamo de. A cultura da soja implantada em diferentes coberturas e manejos do solo em área de pastagem degradada. 2002. xv, 100 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2002.