Transferência de calor em leitos fixos com aplicação em reatores de fermentação em estado sólido
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Data
2007-12-06
Autores
Laurentino, Carmem Lucia [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho abrange o estudo das propriedades térmicas e estruturais de rejeitos agroindustriais utilizados como substrato em fermentação em estado sólido. Os materiais empregados foram bagaços de cana-de-açúcar e de laranja e farelo de trigo. Foram analisadas as distribuições de temperatura e de umidade no interior de um leito cilíndrico encamisado, empacotado com esses materiais e percolado por ar, de modo tentar explicar as transformações do sistema decorrentes da fermentação, a fim de propor e avaliar soluções tecnológicas para prováveis problemas de não uniformidade térmica e de umidade do meio. Inicialmente, analisaram-se algumas características estruturais de um meio poroso constituído por bagaço de cana, como densidade e porosidade, considerando diferentes técnicas de empacotamento e umidades das fibras, para avaliar a influência dessas propriedades sobre a temperatura na saída do leito. As técnicas adotadas consistiam em simplesmente despejar o bagaço no leito, submetê-lo à pressão com um peso e à vibração intensa. Foram empregadas cinco umidades distintas do material e se verificou que a forma de empacotamento apresenta maior influência na porosidade do leito com o aumento da umidade do meio. Nos testes com o leito percolado por ar utilizando-se bagaço seco, observouse que os perfis de temperatura não foram alterados pelas diferentes técnicas de empacotamento adotadas. Estudou-se também o comportamento higroscópico dos materiais, uma vez que o meio ao ser percolado por ar à temperatura e umidade relativa controladas, tende a entrar em equilíbrio higroscópico com o gás, sendo essa variável de grande importância para processos fermentativos. Tal estudo foi realizado através do método estático gravimétrico. Além disso, determinou-se a condutividade térmica efetiva...
Thermal, structural and physical properties of agro industrial by-products for Solid State Fermentation (SSF) were studied in this work. Sugar cane bagasse, orange bagasse and wheat bran were the solid materials. Hygroscopic characteristics, stagnant effective thermal conductivity, bed voidage and temperature profile in a bed percolated by air were some properties obtained for non-reational sytems. Tests with reaction were carried out to assess enzymatic production. For the sugar cane bagasse it was measured particle density, bed bulk density and bed voidage (e). Three different packing techniques were applied: pouring the bagasse into the tube and gently accommodating the particles before adding up another portion of fibers (E1); pouring 5g of bagasse and pressuring it with a weight (3kN/m2) for 5min and adding up another 5g portion; pouring 5g of bagasse and shaking the bed for 5min in a sieve shaker and adding up another 5g portion (E3). Five initial bagasse moisture contents (M) were used and it was observed that e is influenced by M. Heat transfer experiments with sugar cane bagasse were conducted in a packed bed made up of a stainless steel tube 30cm long and 4,67cm diameter, divided in a entrance section 10cm long and a heating jacket section 20cm long. Temperatures were measured at the top of the heating section by five thermocouples axially placed above the bed and angular and radial temperature profiles were obtained. The outlet temperature profile was not influenced by the packing techniques and by the inlet air relative humidity, but it was noticed that the temperature measurements were affected by the surrounding conditions. At the end of the experiments an axial moisture profile in the porous media was observed. The hygroscopic characteristics of all materials were assessed in a wide range of temperature and air relative humidity, and it was...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Thermal, structural and physical properties of agro industrial by-products for Solid State Fermentation (SSF) were studied in this work. Sugar cane bagasse, orange bagasse and wheat bran were the solid materials. Hygroscopic characteristics, stagnant effective thermal conductivity, bed voidage and temperature profile in a bed percolated by air were some properties obtained for non-reational sytems. Tests with reaction were carried out to assess enzymatic production. For the sugar cane bagasse it was measured particle density, bed bulk density and bed voidage (e). Three different packing techniques were applied: pouring the bagasse into the tube and gently accommodating the particles before adding up another portion of fibers (E1); pouring 5g of bagasse and pressuring it with a weight (3kN/m2) for 5min and adding up another 5g portion; pouring 5g of bagasse and shaking the bed for 5min in a sieve shaker and adding up another 5g portion (E3). Five initial bagasse moisture contents (M) were used and it was observed that e is influenced by M. Heat transfer experiments with sugar cane bagasse were conducted in a packed bed made up of a stainless steel tube 30cm long and 4,67cm diameter, divided in a entrance section 10cm long and a heating jacket section 20cm long. Temperatures were measured at the top of the heating section by five thermocouples axially placed above the bed and angular and radial temperature profiles were obtained. The outlet temperature profile was not influenced by the packing techniques and by the inlet air relative humidity, but it was noticed that the temperature measurements were affected by the surrounding conditions. At the end of the experiments an axial moisture profile in the porous media was observed. The hygroscopic characteristics of all materials were assessed in a wide range of temperature and air relative humidity, and it was...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biorreatores, Calor - Transmissão, Leito fixo (Reatores químicos), Fermentação em estado sólido, Transferência de calor, Resíduos agroindustriais - Propriedades físicas
Como citar
LAURENTINO, Carmem Lucia. Transferência de calor em leitos fixos com aplicação em reatores de fermentação em estado sólido. 2007. 105 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2007.